Курсовая с практикой на тему Сленг в английском и китайском языках

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

1.
Basic approaches to the concept of «slang» in the theory of linguistics. 5

1.1.
Theoretical approaches to the study of slang. 5

1.2.
Features of youth slang. 8

2.
Language features of youth slang in Chinese and English. 14

2.1.
Specifics of the functioning of slang in the Chinese language. 14

2.2.
Features of youth slang in the English language. 19

CONCLUSION.. 30

Literature. 32

Введение:

Заключение:

So, slang refers to
non-literary, passive, stylistically colored vocabulary of low style, low
stylistic tone and is continuously updated. Slangisms are distinguished by
their pronounced expressiveness, roughness, jokiness, and a touch of ignoring,
which are not differentiated, but descriptive in nature and can be applied to
all layers of vocabulary with a low stylistic tone. So, slang is a colloquial
vocabulary that is considered lower than the generally accepted standard; these
are words that are either not accepted in the standard language, or have a
special semantic content.

Slang is used consciously in
colloquial speech for purely stylistic purposes, namely: to create the effect
of novelty, unusualness, to convey a certain mood of the speaker, to provide
the statement with concreteness, liveliness, expressiveness, brevity, imagery,
as well as to avoid cliches. All this is achieved through the use of stylistic
tropes: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, euphemisms. In the linguistic
literature, there are differences in the stylistic assessment of slang. Some
authors believe that slang spoils and pollutes the literary language, that it
is a parasitic layer of vocabulary that needs to be combated. Others, on the
contrary, see it as an element that provides language with liveliness and
imagery, contributes to its enrichment and improvement.

Slang has a wide range of
applications. Many people, especially young people, use slang in their speech
about wanting to be modern and stylish. Others use slang as a means of
communication, which has a touch of frankness, informality, expresses
sociability and ease of communication. Slang words and expressions are
emotionally colored and often used figuratively. Slang is a part of the
vocabulary that changes its meaning too quickly. If a word or expression loses
its novelty, it is replaced by a new slang. This is an alternative vocabulary.
Slang can’t exist in the past, it’s constantly updated. His life is short and
has a dubious reputation. It either settles in the language, or it is
forgotten.

Slang covers almost all spheres
of life, describes almost all situations, except for boring ones, because the
slang word is born as a result of the speaker’s emotional formation to the
subject of conversation. Slang is a constant word formation based on the
principle of language play. Often, it is the comic, playful effect that is the
main thing in a slang text.

Slang is the quintessential
colloquial language associated with the comforts of life, not with scientific
laws, grammatical rules, or philosophical ideas.

Words and phrases turn into slang when they are
used within professional groups, changing their meaning in the language when
they go beyond certain social groups. The slang word appears as a consequence
of the speaker’s emotional attitude to the subject of conversation, his desire
to stand out from the background of the interlocutors and separate from them.
The scope of the concept «slang» itself is indicated by its descriptive
definitions, linguopragmatics of modern Chinese and English-language slang.

Фрагмент текста работы:

The role of slang is steadily growing, because
slangisms are frequently used lexical units that permeate speech, and they have
an innovative potential that attracts special attention, even if these lexical
units are elements of the counterculture. Modern slang makes up 10-20% of the
vocabulary and exists in any language. Slang is used not only in the speech of
representatives of various segments of the population, but also in fiction, in
the media: Newspapers, magazines, television, as well as on stage, and even in
advertising.

Slang issues are the subject of constant
scientific research. Theoretical studies of such scientists as E. partridge, I.
Halperin, G. Mencken, V. Vilyuman, M. Makovsky, V. Balabin, A. Klimenko, U.
Potyatinik, G. Ivanova are devoted to various aspects of slang.

Questions of slangisms were studied to compile
various textbooks on the lexicology and stylistics of the English language and
English-language dictionaries. In modern society, continuous changes are taking
place, new slang units are appearing that are widely used in the speech of
young people, which require constant study and detailed analysis. Therefore,
the relevance of the research is to systematize the theoretical views of
linguists regarding the features of the functioning of slang lexical units, to
determine the relationship between the concepts of non-normalized vocabulary
and slang, to substantiate the patterns of use and analyze the expressive
capabilities of slang on the example of English and Chinese.

The object of
research is
modern slang of the beginning of the XXI century as one of the uncodified forms
(on the example of English and Chinese).

The
direct subject of the study is the process
of functioning of slang in modern English and Chinese.

The aim of the
work is a
comprehensive description of slang as one of the subsystems of the modern uncodified
language
in English and Chinese.

The
achievement of the goals determined statement following tasks:

1) determine the scope and content of
the concept of «slang»;

2) determine the place of slang in the system
of modern English and Chinese;

3) to identify the specifics and
conditions of functioning of these lexical units in the speech of modern youth.

Taking
into account the tasks set, the following linguistic methods were used in the work:
descriptive (comparison, comparison, generalization, classification of the
analyzed material, interpretation), word-formation analysis,contextual
analysis.

The sources of the analyzed linguistic
phenomenon were dictionaries of slang in English and Chinese.

The theoretical significance of the work is to systematize the
theoretical views of linguists on the peculiarities of the functioning of
non-literary vocabulary in the language, to determine the correlation of the
concepts of «slang», to substantiate the laws of using slang in English and Chinese
as a variety of social dialects.

The practical significance of the research is
that its results will enable teachers, students and translators to take into
account the patterns of development and semantics of slang as a special vocabulary,
as well as apply it in the course of studying the courses «Lexicology», «English
language Stylistics», «Theory and practice of translation».

Structure of the study.
The paper consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, and a list
of references.