Реферат на тему The types and kinds of accommodation in English

Содержание:

INTRODUCTIO

N 3

1. THE ORIGINS OF ACCOMMODATION 4

2. CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE 11

CONCLUSION 14

BIBLIOGRAPHY 15

Введение:

Phonetic accommodation is the process in which a speaker becomes more phonetically similar to his or her interlocutor over the course of a conversation. This experiment investigates phonetic accommodation in the English speech of Mandarin speakers after exposure to a model speaker who shares their language background. The results show that when including phones, tasks, and conditions as dependent variables, there are statistically significant differences across tasks and phones.

Phonetic accommodation is observed in all shadowing tasks and the effect remains in post-shadow task in some dependent variables. The social manipulation of this study is only statistically significant in formant durations and word-final consonant clusters durations and the pattern suggests that subjects who were in the condition that encouraged speakers to achieve a closer social distance with the interlocutor accommodated more than subjects in the condition that were encouraged to be native-English like.

Accommodation is a combinatorial sound process in which the articulation of two adjacent sounds affects each other. The purpose of this work is to study accommodation.

The study of English phonetics is connected with the knowledge of the transcription of English sounds. In order to ensure the purity of pronunciation of English sounds, it is important to listen to the text, then read it correctly, try to compare your pronunciation with a native speaker. All the behavior of the speaker – expressive gesture, facial expressions, pauses in speech, smile, laughter, carelessly dropped phrases, furrowed eyebrows – all this expands the capacity of the sounding word, reveals new semantic reserves, makes the speech extremely visual, expressive, emotional. To learn how to do logical accents correctly, you need to listen to native speakers more.

 

Фрагмент текста работы:

. THE ORIGINS OF ACCOMMODATION

The automatic interactive alignment account proposed by Pickering and Garrod attempts to account for all types of linguistic alignment, including phonetic accommodation. The account is developed in part from the researchers’ beliefs that dialogue is the basic form of language use, and that every level of linguistic representation – semantics, syntax, and phonology – is tightly connected within an individual and between interlocutors. In daily communication, interlocutors constantly interact with each other and exchange information at every level of linguistic representation. In order to facilitate conversation, speakers make their productions reach an implicit common ground, at all levels of the linguistics representations. While speakers prime themselves with their interlocutors, speakers also self-monitor and employ a repair mechanism, which ensures that they maintain the common ground. The self-monitoring mechanism checks if one can interpret the interlocutor’s expression and if the speaker fails to do so, it reformulates the utterance so that it will lead to the established implicit common ground. The process that speakers acquire their interlocutor’s phonetic features during the conversation is what observed as phonetic accommodation. In short, the automatic interactive alignment model assumes that the convergence at all levels of linguistic representations of speakers are automatic and at a subconscious level. Accommodation is a change in the articulation of consonants under the influence of neighboring vowels, and in the articulation of vowels under the influence of consonants.

Accommodation always concerns only partial adaptation of sounds, because vowels and consonants belong to sounds of different types and cannot completely resemble each other. From the point of view of Russian pronunciation habits, vowel accommodation in English is almost invisible. We will indicate some cases.