Реферат на тему The sentence. Types of sentences

Содержание:

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 3

1. SENTENCE 4

1.1. Classification 6

1.2. Types of structure 7

2. TYPES OF SENTENCE 9

CONCLUSION 14

GLOSSARY 16

LIST OF REFERENCES 21

Введение:

Often, the term «syntax» undifferentiated denotes both the syntactic structure of language itself, which exists outside and independently of our consciousness, and the doctrine of the syntactic structure of language — a well-known section of the science of language. When constructing any science and defining its basic concepts, it is necessary to carefully distinguish, on the one hand, the subject being studied, and on the other hand, the science of it. And for this, it is necessary to avoid using the same term in every possible way when referring to both.

From what has been said, it follows that as the subject of syntax, it is necessary to distinguish both sentences as such and combinations of words that make up sentences; neither one nor the other, taken separately, constitutes the subject of syntax as a whole. Syntax is a science that studies both the rules for combining words and the rules for constructing sentences from these combinations. What will be discussed in this paper.

In the history of typological research, the typology of the sentence occupies perhaps the most important place. At the end of the sixties, interest in typological research in the field of syntax was huge, by the beginning of the eighties, interest in the study of sentence syntax as the main unit of the language had noticeably decreased. The focus of research has shifted from the structure of the sentence to its functions in speech. At the same time, the study of the literature on the syntax of a simple sentence shows that almost every scientific work or textbook on the syntax of not only English, but also Russian offers significantly different lists of types of simple sentences and their interpretation. Such diversity in approaches greatly complicates language learning and creates certain problems when translating texts.

The purpose of this work is a detailed description of the types of sentences of the English language

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. SENTENCE

A sentence is a unit of language that is a grammatically organized combination of words that has semantic and intonational completeness. From the point of view of punctuation, a sentence as a complete unit of speech is formed at the end with a dot, exclamation or question marks — or an ellipsis. Also, the sentence is synonymous with «phrase».

In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example «The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.» In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a complete thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate.

In non-functional linguistics it is typically defined as a maximal unit of syntactic structure such as a constituent. In functional linguistics, it is defined as a unit of written texts delimited by graphological features such as upper-case letters and markers such as periods, question marks, and exclamation marks. This notion contrasts with a curve, which is delimited by phonologic features such as pitch and loudness and markers such as pauses; and with a clause, which is a sequence of words that represents some process going on throughout time.

Definition: a sentence is a linguistic unit that has a structure that gives this unit the possibility of being used as a minimal utterance (speech product), namely, a subject-predicate structure [16].

It follows from this definition that:

a sentence is a unit of language, but such a unit is characterized by a structure that gives this language unit the opportunity to be used as a minimal, i.e. the smallest independent segment of speech, i.e. as a minimal speech product;

the structure that gives a language unit the opportunity to use it independently in speech is the subject-predicate structure. It is this structure that gives the sentence relative independence, expressed in the ability to use it independently as a minimum of a speech work.;