Реферат на тему Sport and Adventure tourism

Содержание:

Introduction 3

Sport and adventure tourism 4

Typologies of Sport and Adventure Tourism 5

Conclusion 7

Bibliography 8

Введение:

Sport-associated travel is a multifaceted leisure phenomenon that has grown significantly over the last 30 years, birthing the emergence of adventure tourism as a key feature. Types of sport tourism include passive, active and nostalgic formations, with adventure tourism as a subcategory of mainstream sport tourism, usually falling into the ‘active’ category. While the industry holds well in terms of longevity, the focus of academic inquiry is a more recent feature. Therefore, our current knowledge of sport and adventure tourism is growing yet incomplete; changes in politics, social behaviour and economic activity further transgress the current body of knowledge, adding scope for further exploration.

For the purposes of appreciating the size and heterogeneity of the industry, a working definition of sport and adventure tourism is needed. On its own, the realm of sport holds a different meaning to different groups of society. This is also true for the realm of adventure and that of tourism. An appreciation of these differentiated meanings, therefore, demonstrates the challenges of attempting to classify such a dynamic industry. For the purposes of providing a better understanding of the industry and frameworks for research, a breakdown of the definitions for ‘sport’, ‘tourism’ and ‘sport and adventure tourism’ as a whole will now be attempted.

For the purposes of this chapter, therefore, a combination of varying levels of competition and physicality will be considered relevant to the definition of sport, as it is believed that the extensive scope of activities that either require or refute the need for winners and losers, elitism and ranging levels of physical exertion have all driven forward the size and vastness of sport and adventure tourism within today’s society.

 

Заключение:

Similar to the social impacts, sport and adventure tourism also have positive and negative repercussions on local and national economies. The increased provision of sport and adventure provision brings mass tourism, resulting in fi nancial gains directly to the attraction itself and also indirectly to local businesses such as restaurants, hotels and other amenities. Incidental visitation to surrounding businesses unrelated to tourism may also increase. Moreover, raising the profi le of such destinations attracts new business, some directly relating to a particular sport tourism attraction (e.g., merchandisers of sports equipment, memorabilia and smaller sport activity supply chains) and other unrelated businesses that simply benefi t from their location within particular tourist destinations. Undoubtedly, the growth of new business contributes to the local economy, with the added benefi t of increasing demand for employment.

However, local residents are largely susceptible to the negative economic impacts of sport and adventure tourism attractions. There have been numerous documented incidences of forced relocation of residents due to the manner in which these attractions raise the area’s profi le. Increased housing and market prices, rent and taxation are all typifi ed results of area reconstruction stimulated by sport tourism provision, particularly with the inclusion of prolifi c events such as the Olympics. This eff ect can be seen before, during and after the event itself. In the case of the 2000 Sydney Olympics, soaring costs of living were observed immedia tely following the announcement of the destination as future host for the prestigious event.

 

Фрагмент текста работы:

Sport and adventure tourism

As demonstrated, difficulties are experienced in defining sport and tourism as separate entities. Understandably, therefore, a combination of the two proves equally taxing. In addition to the previously explored definitional variance is the challenge of placing emphasis within either the realm of sport or that of tourism. When separate, each discipline prevails as a dominant feature of both industry and academia. When combined, however, the power of domination is interchangeable across these two fi elds, proving to be fluid and complex in nature. To ascertain the fi eld of dominance, motives for participation must first be understood. It should, therefore, be queried as to whether the primary motive for participation derives from the desire to be involved within a sport (whereby tourism is a secondary component) or whether the act of tourism provides the principal motivation for participation and subsequent involvement in sport is purely incidental.

Simply put, does the participant travel for the purposes of engagement within sport, or is the involvement in sport merely a consequential feature of the participant’s stronger desire to travel? As a result of this uncertainty, academics have compiled slightly differentiated definitions: a sport-focused (sport tourist) definition may be ‘a temporary visitor staying at least 24 hours in the event area and whose primary purpose is to participate in a sports event with the area being a secondary attraction’, whereas a travel-focused (tourism sport) definition is ‘persons travelling to and/or staying in places outside their usual environment and participating in, actively or passively, a competitive or recreational sport as a secondary activity [1].

The aspect of adventure is a more recently observed phenomenon