Реферат на тему Press in the United Kingdom

Содержание:

Introduction 2

1. UK media 3

2. Features of the English press 4

Conclusion 6

List of literature 7

Введение:

There are several different types of media in the United Kingdom: television, radio, newspapers, magazines and websites. The United Kingdom is known for its large music industry, as well as new and promising artists. The country also has a developed broadcasting and film industry.

There are more daily newspapers sold in the UK than in most other countries in the world. The UK is one of the few countries where daily newspapers are delivered right to the door, before breakfast. There are about 135 daily and Sunday newspapers. Many people buy a morning newspaper, an evening newspaper and a Sunday newspaper.

The circulation of national newspapers is 15.8 million copies on weekdays and 17.9 million copies on Sundays. National newspapers are newspapers that are sold in all parts of the UK. Almost all national newspapers are based in London. Only the Daily Express is now located on the famous Fleet Street newspaper.

Newspapers are divided into two main groups: quality newspapers and popular newspapers. Quality newspapers are: The Times, The Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Independent, the Financial Times, the Observer, the Sunday Times and the Sunday Telegraph. They report national and international news very carefully. They also publish articles on many common topics. Popular newspapers publish sensational news. Popular newspapers are the News of the World, The Sun, the Daily Mirror and others. They publish «personal articles» that shock the reader. Many articles concern people’s private lives.

Newspapers are not financially dependent on political parties. But many of them unofficially support a political party. For example, during the general election, many editors write open letters to readers. They are called «leaders» and ask their readers to vote for a particular party.

Most newspapers in Britain are owned by financial groups. They do not belong to the government or political parties.

Заключение:

There are several different types of media in the United Kingdom: television, radio, newspapers, magazines and websites. The United Kingdom is known for its large music industry and for its emerging and emerging artists. The country also has a well-developed television and radio broadcasting and film industry.

There is a wide range of providers in the United Kingdom, the most prominent of which is the state-owned public broadcaster British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The BBC’s biggest competitors are ITV plc, which operates 13 of the 15 regional television companies that make up the ITV network, and Sky.

Regional media are covered by local radio, television and print newspapers. Reach plc (formerly Trinity Mirror) operates 240 local and regional newspapers. The Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sports has overall responsibility for media ownership and broadcasting.

The UK media landscape is characterised by a strongly partisan mass circulation commercial national press and a system of public service broadcasting led by the BBC. A sharp distinction exists between the quality and tabloid national press and between the regimes that govern the print and broadcast media.

Although the press remains strong, readership and circulation of the printed national press has been steadily falling due to readers moving to digitally available news. Many legacy media organisations have embraced the Internet to make their content available online via dedicated sites or apps for mobile devices. The online readerships of some newspapers now greatly surpass printed circulation, yet newspapers are still struggling to find ways to make online readership profitable. A great deal of influence is attributed to the national press in the public sphere, particularly at election time. The suggestions of this influence is evidenced by the notorious British tabloid headline, ‘It’s the Sun wot won it’ the day after the unexpected election of a Conservative government which the paper had supported in 1992. Research provides convincing evidence that the press agenda exerts a strong influence on the broadcasting agenda.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. UK media

Mass media of the United Kingdom — mass media (mass media) represented in the United Kingdom. The capital, London, dominates the UK media sector: national newspapers, TV channels and radio are mainly based there, although Manchester is also an important media center. Edinburgh, Glasgow and Cardiff are important hubs for newspapers and broadcasting channels in Scotland and Wales.

Since the 1970s, newspaper sales have declined dramatically, and in 2009 42% of the population read daily newspapers. In 2009, it was estimated that every UK resident spent 3.75 hours a day watching TV and 2.81 hours listening to the radio.

In 2010, 82.5% of the UK population were Internet users, the largest relative indicator among the 20 countries with the highest absolute indicator.

The Times, Guardian, Independent, Daily Telegraph, Observer, and Financial Times newspapers are published in huge circulation around the world and have the status of world-famous and most authoritative periodicals in their fields.

Famous tabloids: Sun, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Daily Express.

The publishing sector, which includes books, reference books, databases, magazines, newspapers and news agencies, employs about 167,000 people and has a total turnover of about 20 billion pounds.

A large international media holding News Corporation through the British company News International owned several newspapers, including the most popular tabloid Sun and the oldest daily newspaper The Times. In July 2011, News International found itself in the center of a major scandal related to the illegal wiretapping by journalists of the company’s publications of the phones of politicians, «stars» and ordinary citizens. This led to the closure of the company’s 168-year-old British News of the World tabloid [1, p. 60].