Содержание:

Introduction. 3

I.    Main
part 4

1.   Morphological
characteristics of  Nouns. 4

2. The category of number 7

3. Noncount nouns and their count equivalents. 13

Conclusion. 16

List of references. 17

Введение:

Introduction

Modern English is an analytical language in its structure, i.e. it has a
grammatical structure in which the connection of words in a sentence is
expressed mainly by the order of words and by means of service words —
prepositions and conjunctions. But the Anglo-Saxon language was a synthetic
language, that is, a language in which the connection of words in a sentence is
expressed mainly by changing the words themselves.

The noun has been Central to the development of English throughout all
periods, and its categories have been the subject of debate among many
scholars. The noun system clearly expresses the categories of gender, number,
and case.

Old English developed a system of inflectional forms: nouns had a
developed declension system and a grammatical gender category, adjectives were
consistent with nouns in gender, number and case, verbs had special forms for
expressing perfect and imperfect forms, etc. These processes in language are
reflected in the works of B. A. Ilyin, K. Brunner, R.A. Korolenko, G. Kvirk, E.
M. Popkova, A.I. Smirnitsky, I. P. Ivanova, V. M. Yartseva and other
scientists.

The problem of the category of the noun number in the English language
for many decades remains the object of close attention of both domestic and
foreign linguists. In our study, we consider the manifestation of the category
of the number of nouns.

In English, you can’t always set the number at the end of a word, as is
possible in Russian. It should be noted that the category of number, its
diversity and semantics at the present stage of development of linguistics are
not fully studied. This explains the relevance of the topic under consideration.

The purpose of our work is to consider the category of numbers in
English grammar. This goal involves solving the following tasks:

— to give a
morphological characteristic of noun in English;

— to
determine the category of number of noun;

— to identify
the features of uncountable nouns.

The object of this research is the general characteristic of nouns in
English grammar.

The subject of research is the category of the number of nouns.

The structure
of the study. The abstract consists of an introduction, main part, conclusion
and list of references. In the first section is given a general description of
nouns in English grammar.

The second
section deals with the category of the category of nouns number in modern
English.

In
conclusion, the results of the study are summarized.

Заключение:

We investigated the noun in our course work. We chose this topic because
it is one of the most important parts of speech in teaching grammar not only in
English, but also in other languages. Nouns play an important role in human
speech, as they express the names of things, events, and phenomena. The noun phrase typically functions as subject,
object, and complement of clauses and as complement of prepositional phrases.

Classification of nouns in English: there are two classes: proper and
common nouns, there are in English class nouns, collective nouns, material
nouns, and abstract nouns.

According to their morphological composition, nouns can be: simple,
derived, and compound. The noun has morphological categories of: number
(singular and plural), case (common case and genitive). Cases are probably the
most complex concept in English. In old English there were cases, but in modern
English the question of the category of case is currently debatable. This
depends on the approach that the author uses in this task; the English language
was given a different number of cases.

There are countable and uncountable (noncount) nouns in English grammar.

The plural form of countable nouns marked by the -s inflection in its
three phonetic variants: [s], [z], [iz].

These are nouns which have only a plural and no singular form. Here
belong the names of “two-part” items (trousers,  scissors,  binoculars,  jeans,
etc) and nouns of indefinite plurality
(annals, amends, auspices, congratulations, dregs, outskirts,  remains, thanks, tropics,
etc). There are also a few nouns which look singular but are always plural
(vermin, people, livestock, etc).

These are nouns which have only a singular and no plural form. In fact,
they are uncountable, because they denote material substance
(air, milk, oxygen, oil, etc) or abstract notions ( peace, usefulness, music,
etc).

Collective nouns and nouns of multitude. These are nouns denoting groups
of human beings (family, folk, party, government, police, etc) and also of
animals (cattle, poultry) which can be used in two different ways: either they
are taken to denote the group as a whole, or else they are taken to denote the
group as consisting of a number of individuals (e. g. My family is small. - My family are early risers).

Фрагмент текста работы:

I.                      
Main part

1.     
Morphological characteristics of  Nouns

As any part of speech, the noun, or substantive, is established on the
basis of semantic (notional), morphological, and syntactic criteria. Thus,
nouns have been notionally defined as names of things, persons and places. This
semantic definition is clearly inadequate because it excludes, for example, a
number of words which denote abstract ideas but behave grammatically and
morphologically in the same way as names of things: occupation, friendship,
movement, existence, etc. In more general terms, the noun may be taken to be a
name of something that is viewed as substance or an object.

The word "noun" comes from the Latin nomen, meaning
"name, name". Classes of words like nouns were first described by
Sanskrit and ancient Greek grammar. In particular, Dionysius Trax defined the
morphological properties of nouns. For example, in ancient Greek, nouns can be
declined by case, have a dative or accusative case.

Verbs, on the other hand, can be changed by tenses such as past,
present, or future, while nouns cannot. Aristotle also had concepts such as
onomata (nouns) and remata (verbs), which do not exactly correspond to our
ideas about verbs and nouns. In her dissertation, T. A. Vinokurova examines in
more detail the historical origin of the noun concept.

According to A. S. Akhmanova,
a noun is a part of speech characterized by the categorical meaning of
objectivity, lexical and grammatical categories of gender and grammatical
categories of case and number, syntactic use in a sentence as a subject,
complement or predicative member, and the noun is also used in fairly developed
models of word formation [1].

The noun denotes an object in a General sense. So nouns are the names of
things (book, table),

— living creatures (man, tiger),

— localities (valley, London, England),

— material (iron, oil),

— processes (life, laughter),

— States (sleep, consciousness),

— abstract concepts (socialism, joy) and qualities (kindness, courage).

English nouns are divided into simple, derived, and compound nouns
according to the way they are created. Also, all nouns are divided into common
and proper names.

Nouns are classified based on their use in certain syntactic structures,
i.e. by agreement with the verb, by number category, and possessive form.

For example,
in our study, we can distinguish the following classes:

 1) people;

2) organizations;

3) animals;

4)
"smart" mechanisms;

 5) vehicles;

6) other
specific nouns;

7) place
designations;

8) time
designations;

9) other
abstract nouns [18].

Simple nouns consist of a
single root and do not have suffixes or prefixes. These are often monosyllabic
words (words consisting of only one syllable): man, house , star, love.

Derived nouns consist of a root with suffixes or prefixes added: brotherhood, engineer,  actress,
immortality.