Платная доработка на тему Специфика перевода эмоционально-экспрессивного компонента художественной информации в прозе

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 2

CHAPTER 1. EMOTIONALITY AND EXPRESSIVENESS
IN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH. PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION.. 5

1.1 Expressiveness in Linguistics. Term
«Expressiveness». 5

1.2 Expressiveness: Stylistic Means. 12

1.3 Peculiarities of Fiction Texts
Translation. 18

1.4 Translation Transformations as Basic
Strategy for Translating Fiction. 22

1.5 Summary of Results. 28

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATING EMOTIONAL
AND EXPRESSIVE COMPONENT IN «GREAT EXPECTATIONS» BY CHARLES DICKENS. 29

2.1 Translation of Stylistic Means of
Expressiveness. 29

2.2 Translation of Expressiveness at
Different Language Levels. 38

2.3 Results and Discussion. 46

CHAPTER 3. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF THE
RESEARCH RESULTS  49

3.1 Practical Implementation in
Translation Practice. 49

3.2 Practical Implementation in Stylistics. 52

3.3 Practical Implementation in
Linguistics and Lexicology. 54

3.4 Practical Implementation in Teaching. 57

3.5 Results and
Recommendations. 60

CONCLUSION.. 62

REFERENCES. 64

APPENDIX   72

Введение:

Fiction texts imply the existence
brightness of images having massive expressive and emotional potential.
Expressiveness in literature can be found at all the levels of the text.
Furthermore, it allows to make the narrative brighter and more understandable
for readers. The problem of translating expressive means applied literary texts
is important for scientific purposes. The relevance of this graduate
paper is explained by the idea that the problem of expressiveness as a
linguistic phenomenon has always been in the center of attention of many
linguists. It is associated with the fact that using expressively marked
linguistic units a speaker expresses his/her own personal point of view
regarding the subject of speech. Until now, expressiveness in language is characterized
by its complexity, as evidenced by the lack of uniformed terminology and
various approaches to classification of the comprising notions. The phenomenon
of expressiveness is so multifaceted that the theme of this diploma is relevant
despite the existing research works and thus requires some further development. The object of this research is
expressiveness in terms of linguistic studies. The subject of this research is
the translation strategies applied for translating expressive means in fiction
text from English into Russian. The purpose of this graduate
paper implies the full-fledged analysis of the strategies used to translate the
expressive components and relevant stylistic means from English into Russian in
fiction. The following tasks have been
settled due to the purpose of the research:

1. Define
the peculiarities of expressiveness in linguistics;

2. Determine
the difference between the terms «expressiveness», «emotionality»,
«evaluativity»;

3. Figure
out the ways of expression of expressiveness at different language levels;

4. Determine
the role of expressiveness in stylistic means;

5. Provide
the specific features of fiction texts translation;

6. Determine
the specifics of translation transformations as basic strategy for translating
fiction;

7. Analyze
the strategies for translation stylistic means of expressiveness from English
into Russian;

8. Analyze
the means of translation of expressiveness at different language levels from
English into Russian;

9. Determine
the potential for the practical implementation of the results achieved within
the research. The source is the novel by
Charles Dickens "Great Expectations" and its translation into Russian
by M. Lorie. The research methodology
includes the following methods:

1. Method
of analysis of research literature,

2. Method
of continuous sampling when selecting a corpus of examples of expressive means,

3. Comparative
method when comparing fragments of original and target texts containing
expressiveness,

4. Descriptive
method in identifying the translation features,

5. Quantitative
method in identifying the most productive techniques for translating
expressiveness. The theoretical basis of the
research: the papers by N.F. Alefirenko, O.S. Akhmanova, L.S. Barkhudarov,
V.D. Bondaletov, V.S. Vinogradov, V.V. Vinogradov, G.R. Gachechiladze, M.N.
Kozhina, V.N. Komissarov, Z.D. L’vovskaya, N.N. Mamaeva, V.P. Moskvin, A.M.
Peshkovskiy, Ya.I. Retsker, D.E. Rosenthal, V.N. Telia, A.V. Fedorov, A.P.
Chudinov, A.D. Schweitzer, Yu.I. Yudina and others. The theoretical significance and
scientific novelty of this study are settled by the fact that this
research comprehensively assesses the features of the functioning of the
category of expressiveness in a work of art from English into Russian. The
lexical level of the language itself is considered within the analysis of
stylistic means, and the other levels of the language, where expressiveness is
also presented. Furthermore, the research assesses the most productive methods
for translating expressive means from English into Russian applying
quantitative analysis. The practical significance of this
research paper is due to the fact that the results have a wide implementation
potential: both the study of stylistics and lexicology of the English language,
and in teaching of English. In addition, the research results can be used in methodological
aspects of teaching the theory and practice of translation making the emphasis
on the features literary translation. The structure of the research is
determined by the set goal and tasks. The diploma paper consists of
introduction, three chapters, conclusion, the list of references and appendix. The first chapter examines the
category of expressiveness in linguistic research, studies the features of its
manifestation in stylistic research at different levels of the language. In
this chapter the characteristic features of translation of a fiction text are
also examined as well as the translation transformations as a system of
strategies and translation techniques are considered. The second chapter analyzes the
translation strategies of expressive component from English into Russian applied
within the translation of the novel by Charles Dickens "Great
Expectations". Here, the comparative analysis is conducted to figure out
the peculiarities of applying translation transformations for re-expressing the
expressive component within the English original text. The third chapter considers the
features of the practical relevance of this research and assesses its
implementation potential.

Заключение:

To sum up, the study of the category of expressiveness
in language is inextricably linked with stylistic research. Expressiveness in
the text allows you to convey emotions, make the text more expressive.
Expressiveness often carries an evaluative component. Furthermore,
expressiveness is always subjective, which also brings it closer in nature to
evaluativity.

Furthermore, all levels of the language are permeated
with expressiveness. Expressiveness exists at various language levels and is
manifested differently. Moreover, any specific language has its own expressive
potential that is a problem for stylistic research.

Literary translation is a special part in translation
practice, which implies translating a fiction text from one language into
another. The key problem for a translator to work with a fiction text is that
the requirements for such a translation go far beyond the transmission of
semantics and stylistics. A translator, when working with a fiction text,
should inevitably consider the features of the author’s style, the aesthetics
of the particular era and culture where the fiction text was created.

According to the translation theory, translation of
fiction implies the achievement of various goals which include the transmission
of the author’s style, the reflection of the cultural features of the source
culture, the acquaintance of the reader with the contents of the text to the
maximum extent possible, including stylistic features, expressive and emotive
peculiarities, etc.

The characteristic features of expressiveness at the
phonetic, lexical and syntactic level of language were considered as well. At
the phonetic level of the language, expressiveness is manifested in the
expression of the phonetic features of the hero’s speech. At the lexical level, the most
productive methods for the formation of expressiveness are expressive lexical
units and lexical repetition. Lexical repetitions allow to form a holistic
image, indicate similarities and unity within one image or one situation. At
the syntactic level, expressiveness is manifested by the use of such
constructions as syntactic parallelism and coordinate parts of speech. In the
process of translation from English into Russian, the means of forming
expressiveness at this level of the language are transmitted either through
literal translation or using grammatical substitutions. Grammatical
substitutions allow to bring the original text closer to the Russian grammar
norms.

The comparative analysis of the English original and
its translation into Russian demonstrated the productivity of some translation
transformations. For instance, modulation allowed to bring the translated closer
to the Russian usage norms. Still, after applying the technique, there has been
found out the loss of the stylistics and imagery of the original. The
application of such techniques as concretization and explication, on the
contrary, significantly increased the expressiveness of the text in the
translation process, making it brighter. The use of such translation
transformations as compensation and grammatical substitutions allowed the
grammatical correspondence of the translated text to the norms of the target
language.

The obtained research results can be implemented into
various branches of humanitarian knowledge, such as theory and practice of
translation, linguistics and lexicology, as well as stylistics. The
implementation in teaching encompasses all these fields of research. This, in
turn, indicates the relevance of the research carried out in modern science.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. EMOTIONALITY AND EXPRESSIVENESS IN
LINGUISTIC RESEARCH. PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION 1.1Expressiveness in Linguistics. Term «Expressiveness» The concept of
expressiveness is relatively new in linguistics, it appeared only in the early 20th
century. Charles Bally in his research first touched upon such a science as
"Expressive stylistics" — a science that studies the
expressive-emotional aspect of language.

According to the
scientists, stylistics studies the expressive facts of a language as a system
taking into account its emotional content. The point is that the expression in
speech of phenomena from the sphere of feelings and the impact of speech on
feelings are the unalienable part of expressive stylistic research [81].

Ch. Bally noted
the connection between language as a communication system and ordinary life as
a process. He claimed that within communication, the speakers inevitably
influence each other and thus effectively interact. Mostly, the ideas
formulated express the subjective attitude of the speaker to the theme of the
speech. Regarding ordinary life, expressive linguistic units are of the
affective nature, so these are full of evaluative and emotive semantic
components. The process of speaking itself, according to Ch. Bally, deforms the
expressed ideas under affection. This leads to the presence of a plenty of
figurative expressions and metaphoric units in colloquial speech. This makes
speech much more vivid and bright [10, p. 110].  Ch.
Bally singles out the proper emotional coloring and social coloring, describing
each in detail. A speech fact that possesses social connotation, has basically
the same meaning as any word that can be used in a given context. No between
him significant difference in shades of meaning. Much attention is also paid
directly to the means of expression. Ch. Bally describes lexical, syntactic and
intonational means of expression.

V.V. Vinogradov
emphasizes that the range of shades that a word expresses is called the
expression of the word, its expressive forms [18; 19].

The
subject-logical meaning of each word is supported by an expressive atmosphere
that varies depending on the context. V.V. Vinogradov notes that expressiveness
can be traced at all levels of the language. Furthermore, the scientist claims
that expressiveness as a factor is alienable for many words and their
combinations. Expressiveness can manifest itself by morphemes, semantics, even
in grammar structures. Expressive component of linguistic units can also be
brightly demonstrated by the prosodical means of speech, such as intonation,
etc. [18, p. 315].

V.A. Zvegintsev
distinguishes between the expressive-emotional elements of words that are
"associated with the word itself" and those elements that are connected
to expressiveness and emotivity can be divided from the word as a linguistic
unit itself [30].

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

1.   EMOTIONALITY AND EXPRESSIVENESS IN
LINGUISTIC RESEARCH.. 6

1.1 Expressiveness in linguistics. Term
«expressiveness». 6

1.2 Difference between terms
«expressiveness», «emotivity», «evaluativity». 11

1.3 Expressiveness in different language
levels: ways of expression. 13

1.4 Expressiveness: stylistic means. 15

Results. 22

2. TRANSLATION OF FICTION: KEY
ASPECTS. 24

2.1 Peculiarities of fiction texts
translation. 24

2.2 Translation transformations as
basic strategy for translating fiction. 32

Results. 37

3.   ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATING EMOTIONAL AND
EXPRESSIVE COMPONENT IN «GREAT EXPECTATIONS» BY CHARLES DICKENS. 39

3.1 Translation of stylistic means of
expressiveness. 39

3.2 Translation of expressiveness at
different language levels. 53

Results. 68

CONCLUSION.. 71

REFERENCES. 74

Введение:

Fictional
literary texts imply the brightness of images, which also have significant
expressive and emotional potential. Expressiveness in literature is present at
all levels of the text, it allows to make the narrative brighter, more
understandable for the reader. The problem of translating expressive means
within the framework of literary texts plays an important role, since the task
of translating a work of fiction is to achieve a similar effect on the reader
who is a native speaker of the target language. The relevance of the study is determined
by the fact that linguistic expressiveness is crucial for linguistic research
as this is the effective way to vividly demonstrate the personal attitude of
the speaker to the theme discussed. Until now, the issue of expressiveness in
language is one of the most complex and debatable issues of linguistic science,
as evidenced by the lack of uniformed terminology, the different composition of
the components of expressiveness. The phenomenon of expressiveness is so multifaceted
that the topic cannot be exhausted by already existing research works and
requires further development. The object of this research is
expressiveness as a linguistic category. The subject of this research is the
features of the translation of expressive means within the framework of fiction
from English into Russian. The purpose of this study is to analyze
the principles of translating expressive means of different levels from English
into Russian using the example of fiction. The set goal implies the solution of
the following tasks:

1. Define
the peculiarities of expressiveness in linguistics;

2. Determine
the difference between the terms «expressiveness», «emotionality»,
«evaluativity»;

3. Figure
out the ways of expression of expressiveness at different language levels;

4. Determine
the role of expressiveness in stylistic means;

5. Provide
the specific features of fiction texts translation;

6. Determine
the specifics of translation transformations as basic strategy for translating
fiction;

7. Analyze
the strategies for translation stylistic means of expressiveness from English
into Russian;

8. Analyze
the means of translation of expressiveness at different language levels from
English into Russian. The source of the research is the novel
by Charles Dickens "Great Expectations" and its translation into
Russian by M. Lorie. The research methodology includes the
following methods:

1. Method
of analysis of research literature,

2. Method
of continuous sampling when selecting a corpus of examples of expressive means,

3. Comparative
method when comparing fragments of original and target texts containing
expressiveness,

4. Descriptive
method in identifying the features of the translation of the category of
expressiveness from English into Russian,

5. Quantitative
method in identifying the most productive techniques for translating
expressiveness in the literary text. The theoretical basis of the research
includes the work of such scientists as N.F. Alefirenko, O.S. Akhmanova, L.S.
Barkhudarov, V.D. Bondaletov, V.S. Vinogradov, V.V. Vinogradov, G.R.
Gachechiladze, M.N. Kozhina, V.N. Komissarov, Z.D. L’vovskaya, N.N. Mamaeva,
V.P. Moskvin, A.M. Peshkovskiy, Ya.I. Retsker, D.E. Rosenthal, V.N. Telia, A.V.
Fedorov, A.P. Chudinov, A.D. Schweitzer, Yu.I. Yudina and others. The theoretical significance and
scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it provides a
comprehensive assessment of the features of the functioning of the category of
expressiveness in a work of art from English into Russian. We are talking both
about the lexical level of the language itself, within the framework of the
analysis of stylistic means, and about other levels of the language, at which
expressiveness is also manifested. In addition, the study assesses the most
productive methods for translating expressiveness into Russian using
quantitative analysis. The practical significance of the study
lies in the fact that the results obtained can be applied both in the study of
stylistics and lexicology of the English language, and in teaching these aspects
of the English language. In addition, the research results can be used in
teaching the theory and practice of translation in relation to fiction. The structure of the research is
determined by the set goal and tasks. The diploma paper consists of introduction,
three chapters, conclusion and a list of references. The first chapter examines the features
of the category of expressiveness in linguistic research, studies the features
of its manifestation within the framework of the stylistics of the language at
different levels of the language. The second chapter of the study
examines the characteristic features of the translation of a fiction text and
also considers translation transformations as a system of strategies and
translation techniques. The third chapter analyzes the
translation of expressive means from English into Russian on the example of the
novel by Charles Dickens "Great Expectations".

Заключение:

To sum up, the study of the category of expressiveness
in language is inextricably linked with stylistic research. Expressiveness in
the text allows you to convey emotions, make the text more expressive.
Expressiveness often carries an evaluative component. At the same time, the
emotional aspect of the meaning of a word is always inherent in it, regardless
of the speaker’s intentions. At the same time, expressiveness is always
subjective, which also brings it closer in nature to evaluativity.

It’s also crucial to note that all levels of the
language are permeated with expressiveness. It manifests itself in different
ways at the phonetic, lexical, syntactic and textual levels of the language. In
addition, each language has its own characteristic stylistic expressive potential,
which is reflected at different levels of the language.

The characteristic features of stylistic means were
defined. These techniques affect the expressive potential of speech or text. Metaphor,
epithet, simile, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, paraphrase, irony,
oxymoron, hyperbole and litotes all have different stylistic features and
achieve different goals in the text, but a common characteristic feature of all
lexical techniques is the brightness of the expressive potential. Each of the
stylistic means has its own expressive potential, and their distinction in the
text is important in the context of studying the texts of special discourses,
including the texts. Within the framework of the analysis, the characteristic
features of inversion, parceling, gradation, syntactic parallelism, anaphora
and epiphora, rhetorical constructions, antithesis have been considered. Each
of the above means of expression has a pronounced expressive potential.

It’s worth noting that literary translation is a special
part in translation practice, which consists of translating a fiction text from
one language into another. The main problem of literary translation is not the
complexity of transferring meaning, but the transfer of a unique author’s
style, aesthetics, and a range of linguistic means that affect the atmosphere
and mood inherent in the text. When translating a fiction text, three main goals are
pursued: to convey the individual style of the writer; convey the originality
of the culture reflected in the text; to acquaint the reader with the content
of the book. The quality of literary translation is measured by the concepts of
adequacy, i.e. conveying the author’s idea, artistic and aesthetic orientation,
correctly selected means of conveying imagery, reproducing content and form
through another language and equivalence, i.e. conveying the meaning of
content, emotional expressiveness and verbal-structural design of the original.

Translation of a fiction text is due to many
difficulties. These difficulties are present both in the language system
itself, and in the framework of the interaction of cultures — the culture in
the language of which the text was created, and the culture, to which the
reader is native. The problems of translating a literary text at the language
level are usually solved through the application of translation
transformations, taking into account the stylistic techniques used by the
writer.

The specifics of translating expressive features of a
fiction text from English into Russian were analyzed based on the novel “Great
expectations” by Charles Dickens. The examples of translation of metaphor,
metonymy, epithet, hyperbole, irony, simile were considered. The use of
different translation transformations had a different effect on the preservation
of the style of the original text.

The use of modulation made it possible to bring the
translation text closer to the usage of the target language, but at the same
time, in most cases, there is a loss of the bright stylistics and imagery
inherent in the original text. The application of such techniques as concretization
and explication, on the contrary, significantly increased the expressiveness of
the text in the translation process, making it brighter. The use of such
translation transformations as compensation and grammatical substitutions allowed
to adjust the original text to the grammatical norms of the target language.

The characteristic features of expressiveness at the
phonetic, lexical and syntactic level of language were considered as well. At
the phonetic level of the language, expressiveness is manifested in the
expression of the phonetic features of the hero’s speech. At the lexical level, the most
productive methods for the formation of expressiveness are expressive lexical
units and lexical repetition. Lexical repetitions allow to form a holistic
image, indicate similarities and unity within one image or one situation.
Expressive lexical units refer to different parts of speech. In translation
into Russian, the most productive translation transformations are modulation
and literal translation. Literal translation directly conveys the original
image, while modulation allows to form translation variants that fully comply
with the norms and usage of the target language.

At the syntactic level, expressiveness is manifested by
the use of such constructions as syntactic parallelism and coordinate parts of
speech. In the process of translation from English into Russian, the means of
forming expressiveness at this level of the language are transmitted either
through literal translation or using grammatical substitutions. Grammatical
substitutions allow to bring the original text closer to the grammatical norms
of the target language.

According to the conducted quantitative analysis, the
most productive translation transformations are literal translation and modulation.
Literal translation is characterized by its versatility; it is used to
translate expressive components at different levels of the language, as well as
to translate stylistic means themselves. Modulation is most typical for the
lexical level of the language. It allows to achieve the compliance with the
norms and usage of the target language when choosing translation variants.

Consequently, the translation of stylistic devices as
well as the transmission of expressiveness at various language levels implies
all the variety of translation strategies, the use of which in each specific
case is due to the need to comply with the norms and usage of the target
language. The analysis also showed that quite often fixed phrases typical for
the Russian language are used in the process of translation.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. EMOTIONALITY
AND EXPRESSIVENESS IN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH 1.1Expressiveness in linguistics. Term «expressiveness» The concept of
expressiveness is relatively new in linguistics, it appeared only in the 20th
century. It was the researcher Charles Bally who made the first theoretical
conclusions about expressiveness. Ch. Bally in his research first touched upon
such a science as "Expressive stylistics" — a science that studies
the expressive-emotional aspect of language.

According to the
scientist, stylistics studies the expressive facts of the language system taking
into account its emotional perspective, meaning that the expression in speech
of phenomena from the sphere of feelings and the impact of speech on feelings.

Ch. Bally’s
research includes the study of the emotional coloring of expressive speech, the
means that language uses to create them, the relationship between expressive
facts and the expressive system of language.

Ch. Bally noted
the connection between the language and the real life. He claimed that during
communication people always interact thus influencing each other’s emotions and
point of view. The researcher states that while speaking a person in most cases
provides the subjective evaluation of the topic of speech. Furthermore the
ideas expressed are the subject to affection under metaphors and figurative
expressions [Bally 2013, p. 110].

Ch. Bally singles
out the proper emotional coloring and social coloring, describing each in
detail. A speech fact that possesses social connotation, has basically the same
meaning as any word that can be used in a given context. No between him
significant difference in shades of meaning.

Much attention is
also paid directly to the means of expression. Ch. Bally describes lexical,
syntactic and intonational means of expression.