Платная доработка на тему Social Component of Charlie Gordon’s Linguistic Personality (Based on the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes / Социальный компонент языковой личности Чарли Гордона (на материале романа Д. Киза «Цветы для Элджернона»)

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 5

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE PERSONALITY 7

1.1 Literary Text as an Object of Linguistic Research 7

1.2 Linguistic Personality in Artistic Discourse 122

1.3 The Structure of Linguistic Personality. Social Component 17

1.4 Summary of Results 26

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF CHARLIE GORDON’S LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY (BY THE MATERIAL OF D. KEYS’ NOVEL «FLOWERS FOR ALTGERNON») 27

2.1 The Evolution of Charlie Gordon 28

2.2 Charlie Gordon’s Linguistic Personality Through Relationship with Friends 37

2.3 Charlie Gordon’s Relationship with Colleagues in a Formal Setting 40

2.4 Implementation of the Language of Personality in Communicating with Women 43

2.5 Results and Discussion 47

CHAPTER 3. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH

RESULTS 50

3.1 Application of Research Results in Cognitive Linguistics 50

3.2 Application of Research Results in Communicative Style of a Literary Text 55

3.3 Application of Research Results in Stylistics as a Linguistic and General Philological Discipline 57

3.4 Results and Recommendations 63

CONCLUSION 64

REFERENCES 67

APPENDIX 75

Введение:

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the study of language as a phenomenon that has a personal origin. The introduction of the anthropocentric paradigm into linguistic research has led to the consideration and description of linguistic phenomena in the context of their close relationship with a person, his consciousness, world outlook, mentality and national and cultural characteristics. In this regard, the concept of linguistic personality (LP) enters the arena of linguistic research.

The hero of a work of art speaks, and the peculiarities of his speech (lexicon, phraseology, sentence structure, intonation, etc.) give the reader a vivid idea of himself – his social position, culture, character. This is the speech feature. Watching a character’s speech means paying attention not only to the “direct” meaning of the words he uttered, but also to the “subtext”, that is, to see who is speaking and understand why, for what purpose he says so.

Many scientific works in the field of linguistics are devoted to the topic we have chosen, which confirms the significance of the phenomenon we are studying and the interest that it causes. The theoretical basis of the work was the provisions of a number of scientists (I. V. Arnold, O. A. Blinova, M. N. Gordeeva, O. A. Maletina, etc.).

Despite the numerous works that are devoted to the study of the speech characteristics of the characters of the English fairy tale, the features of its manifestation in the linguo-conceptual aspect have not been sufficiently studied.

So, the relevance of the study is due to the anthropocentric direction of linguistic research of the present time to the study of the cognitive aspects of cognition, reflection and interpretation by an individual of an objectively existing world, and portrait descriptions of people in literature undoubtedly have an anthropocentric character and a social component.

The objective of the study is to identify the social component of Charlie Gordon’s Linguistic Personality (Based on the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes).

Tasks:

1. Consider the linguistic features of literary texts.

2. To reveal the essence of a linguistic personality in artistic discourse.

3. Describe the structure of the linguistic personality, its social component.

4. Conduct an analysis of charlie gordon’s language personality (by the material of D. Case’s Novel «Flowers For Altgernon»).

5. Describe the practical application of the research results.

The object of the study is the linguistic personality in a literary text.

The subject of the research is the social component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality (based on the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes).

The research is based on the problem of determining the components of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality (based on the novel by D. Keyes «Flowers for Algernon»).

Authors studied: I.V. Arnold, I.R. Galperin, A.M. Erokhin, M.N. Kozhina, Yu.N. Karaulov and others.

The material under research includes the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes.

The research methods were defined as follows: a method of continuous sampling for collecting linguistic material, the analysis of which allows us to solve the tasks and achieve the goal of the study; a descriptive method that allows you to describe the features of Charlie Gordon’s interaction with others, his progress and regression; analysis used to identify the socio-cultural component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality; synthesis and generalization, allowing to formulate the conclusions obtained as a result of the study.

The study consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references. 

Заключение:

The analysis of the literature on the topic of the study made it possible to draw a number of conclusions.

Consideration of the essence and characteristics of a literary text showed that a literary text is an individual work of artistic speech. In addition, the literary text is a constituent unit in the system of such texts.

The concept of discourse is considered from the standpoint of various approaches: anthropocentric, cognitive, linguoculturological. Each of the approaches introduces its own nuance into the definition of this concept and highlighting its main characteristics.

The social component of a linguistic personality presupposes that the bearer has mental qualities and a translator of accumulated sociocultural experience. The individual component is the result of the individual perception of the national and cultural values of society. In connection with the above, we note that a linguistic personality, using language as a means of communication, is at the same time its creator, realizing its universal and specific features.

Within the framework of this work, we understand a linguistic personality as a representative of a certain cultural / ethnic society, who uses the means of language to achieve a certain communicative-pragmatic goal according to the rules adopted in this society.

In the second chapter of this work, an analysis was made of the social component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality based on the material of D. Keyes’ novel «Flowers for Algernon». The material for the study was the dialogues and monologues of Charlie Gordon from the science fiction work-story by the American writer Daniel Keyes «Flowers for Algernon».

The analysis showed that the speech of the protagonist of the work by D. Keyes is characterized by its own features. The most striking of them is the presence of graphs. Charlie Gordon’s speech is presented from two angles: during intellectual progress and regression. During the mental process, he uses more complex stylistic figures and punctuation. A significant number of rhetorical questions in Charlie Gordon’s speech is explained by the specifics of the form of presentation of written speech, namely the diary report. Repetitions, as a rule, are due to the emotional state and emotional experiences about their own mental abilities. We believe that Charlie Gordon’s use of profanity, vulgarism, etc. is not an indicator of his low intelligence. Such vocabulary indicates the expressiveness of speech.

The thesaurus of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality is characterized by concreteness or abstractness, which indicates the propensity of the hero to use language units with a narrow or wide sphere of reference, analyticity or syntheticity, determined on the basis of the degree of detectiveness. So, Charlie’s analytical, detailed speech at the beginning is replaced by an increasingly synthetic, generalized one after his mental growth.

As a result of the analysis of the stylistic features of Charlie’s speech in dynamics, it was found that with the gradual intellectual evolution, stylistic figures of different levels appear in his language (comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions, etc.), which also indicates psycho-emotional changes.

The analysis of the social component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality allows us to conclude that it is expressed in the relationship of the main character with others (friends, colleagues, women). Charlie Gordon is a good-natured, conscientious and honest person. After the experiment, he became more self-confident, arrogant, but comes to the conclusion that the old Charlie was a much better person than the new Charlie. Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality changes after the experiment. The speech of the protagonist of the work becomes more expressive and figurative, which is directly related to an increase in the level of intellectual development.

This work and the results of the study have their practical significance. The collected material and the results of the study can be used in such areas as cognitive linguistics, the communicative style of a literary text and in linguistic stylistics.

Regarding the use of the results of research in the field of cognitive linguistics, it should be noted that the subject of the image in a work of art, including in D. Keyes’s novel «Flowers for Algernon», is a person in a specific life process with its complexity and multidimensionality of relation to reality. The collected material can be useful in terms of studying the specifics of the image of characters, creating their speech portraits, in particular, the main character with mental retardation.

The language of a work of art in communicative linguistics is considered as the writer’s idiostyle, reflecting his image of the poetic world, which is interpreted with the help of individual «grammatical expressiveness». The linguistic style of D. Keyes is a system of means of linguistic reflection, organized into the unity of the worldview and the creative individuality of the artistic word. In this regard, the use of the results of the study will allow us to explore the specifics of creating emotiveness and expressiveness in the text of a work of art by a particular author.

The results of the study will be useful in studying the features of the stylistic organization of a literary text based on the work of D. Keyes «Flowers for Algernon». Today, scientists are actively discussing the status of this science and its localization in the system of other linguistic and/or literary disciplines. The possibility of including stylistics and poetics in the circle of linguistic disciplines in literary criticism is often criticized and is not even recognized as their related link, uniting the interests of both linguists and literary critics.

Thus, the tasks of the study were solved, the goal was achieved.

 

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE PERSONALITY

1.1 Literary Text as an Object of Linguistic Research

The text is a unit of written speech intended for a fairly wide audience. In connection with this, the increase in the number of communicants causes difficulties in linguistic communication.

In modern linguistic literature, the idea has already found universal recognition that linguistic communication, that is, communication between people in society, occurs through not just individual words, phrases and sentences, but through statements of various sizes: from sentences to entire texts. All aspects of the original text are related; grammatical, lexical, stylistic, general text and communicative information is processed simultaneously.

According to the psycholinguistic approach, the text is considered as a unit of communication. In addition, the text is a product of speech, which is determined by the needs of people in communication. As a rule, in a communication situation, one communicant seeks to exert a certain influence on the interlocutor in order to change his behavior or state. Behavior change is manifested in the fact that the communication partner performs some non-verbal action or reproduces the corresponding speech message. A change in state involves a change in the subject’s attitude to any object, in turn, can lead to a change in behavior.

The implementation of such an intention as the impact on the recipient of the text is possible under the following conditions:

‒ selection and use of language tools that ensure adequate implementation of the communicative program;

‒ perception of the text adequate to the author’s intention by the recipient, suggesting an attitude to the facts depicted in the text, as to the author himself.

In studies within the framework of mass communication, it is noted that the text is a hierarchy of communicative programs and is subordinate to the goal of the activity in which it belongs.

In the process of perceiving a text, after recognizing its meaning (perception of information), sign relations are established within the text, and then its meaning is revealed, which cannot be equal to its external expression, primarily in a quantitative aspect. Firstly, to understand the text of knowledge, much more knowledge is required than is presented in it, and secondly, the recipient’s memory must retain the text in the volume in which it is presented to him.

Since the language is a closed self-sufficient system, the study of its specifics always remains relevant due to the fact that it is impossible to study everything at once. In addition, the issue of studying the mechanism of the functioning of the language in the communicative process is quite relevant today [20, p. 152]. Since the language is a closed self-sufficient system, the study of its specifics always remains relevant due to the fact that it is impossible to study everything at once. In addition, the issue of studying the mechanism of the functioning of the language in the communicative process is quite relevant today. This meaning is reflected in the semantics of linguistic units used in communication as its operational units [45, p. 26-30]. At the same time, pragmatic components at all levels of formation of the semantic content of a linguistic sign coexist with semantic components.

Thus, all the qualities of the language (from pronunciation to the complex semantic mechanism of the unambiguous manifestation of specific speech acts) are realized only in communication [25], which makes it possible to consider the functional significance of this phenomenon when studying the communicative and pragmatic aspects of the functioning of the language.

Due to the fact that the study of a language within the framework of a communicative-pragmatic approach to linguistic phenomena will be more successful when it is implemented in a communicative situation (in other words, communicants perform speech actions), the study of this problem is possible in a functional aspect.

The pragmatic aspect of the analysis of a literary text suggests that the objective facts of linguistic reality are manifested in the multidimensional organization of the sentence and the syntactic structure [34, p. 17], and the study of the linguistic syntactic structure is carried out taking into account these aspects. This approach makes it possible to consider speech implementations of the sentence. This is a multi-level system that provides for the consideration of the grammar of the text from the point of view of the communicative aspect, since grammatical units as linguistic signs are aimed at performing a pragmatic function, both from the semantic and syntactic side.

Thus, in the process of communication, in particular between the author and the reader, grammatical constructions play an important role, participating in the formation of the structure of the utterance as a result of the interaction of the semantic content of the text and the pragmatic attitude, which allows generalizing everything that is usually understood as a speech situation, aimed at communication.

The pragmatic setting is understood as a set of communicative-pragmatic factors for creating socio-psychological situations of a specific speech act of generalization, which determines the communicative-homogeneous meaning of the statement. The central concept of the pragmatic setting of the utterance is the intention (the communicative intention of the speaker), that is, the orientation of the utterance towards solving a certain linguistic problem of communication. The situation of verbal communication is the coordination apparatus of expression necessary for a communicative act, since communication as a whole is realized in specific communicative acts, and the elementary communicative series «sender – message – recipient» acts as a communication quantum. A communicative act is impossible only in the absence of any of these components. A characteristic feature of a communicative act is the freedom of choice by the speaker of language means and models. If we talk about the content of an artistic tact as one that reflects the communicative situation, then it becomes important to take into account the content of the statement, in which there is a correlation of pragmatic meaning with formal linguistic and simply linguistic indicators.

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 5

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE PERSONALITY 7

1.1 Literary Text as an Object of Linguistic Research 7

1.2 Linguistic Personality in Artistic Discourse 13

1.3 The Structure of Linguistic Personality. Social Component 17

1.4 Summary of Results 26

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF CHARLIE GORDON’S LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY (BY THE MATERIAL OF D. KEYS’ NOVEL «FLOWERS FOR ALTGERNON») 28

2.1 The Evolution of Charlie Gordon 29

2.2 Charlie Gordon’s Linguistic Personality Through Relationship with Friends 38

2.3 Charlie Gordon’s Relationship with Colleagues in a Formal Setting 41

2.4 Implementation of the Language of Personality in Communicating with Women 44

2.5 Results and Discussion 49

CHAPTER 3. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS 51

3.1 Application of Research Results in Cognitive Linguistics 51

3.2 Application of Research Results in Communicative Style of a Literary Text 55

3.3 Application of Research Results in Stylistics as a Linguistic and General Philological Discipline 57

3.4 Results and Recommendations 62

CONCLUSION 64

REFERENCES 67

APPENDIX 75

 

Введение:

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the study of language as a phenomenon that has a personal origin. The introduction of the anthropocentric paradigm into linguistic research has led to the consideration and description of linguistic phenomena in the context of their close relationship with a person, his consciousness, world outlook, mentality and national and cultural characteristics. In this regard, the concept of linguistic personality (LP) enters the arena of linguistic research.

The hero of a work of art speaks, and the peculiarities of his speech (lexicon, phraseology, sentence structure, intonation, etc.) give the reader a vivid idea of himself – his social position, culture, character. This is the speech feature. Watching a character’s speech means paying attention not only to the “direct” meaning of the words he uttered, but also to the “subtext”, that is, to see who is speaking and understand why, for what purpose he says so.

Many scientific works in the field of linguistics are devoted to the topic we have chosen, which confirms the significance of the phenomenon we are studying and the interest that it causes. The theoretical basis of the work was the provisions of a number of scientists (I.V. Arnold, O.A. Blinova, M.N. Gordeeva, O.A. Maletina, etc.).

Despite the numerous works that are devoted to the study of the speech characteristics of the characters of the English fairy tale, the features of its manifestation in the linguo-conceptual aspect have not been sufficiently studied.

So, the relevance of the study is due to the anthropocentric direction of linguistic research of the present time to the study of the cognitive aspects of cognition, reflection and interpretation by an individual of an objectively existing world, and portrait descriptions of people in literature undoubtedly have an anthropocentric character and a social component.

The objective of the study is to identify the social component of Charlie Gordon’s Linguistic Personality (Based on the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes).

Tasks:

1. Consider the linguistic features of literary texts.

2. To reveal the essence of a linguistic personality in artistic discourse.

3. Describe the structure of the linguistic personality, its social component.

4. Conduct an analysis of charlie gordon’s language personality (by the material of D. Case’s Novel «Flowers For Altgernon»).

5. Describe the practical application of the research results.

The object of the study is the linguistic personality in a literary text.

The subject of the research is the social component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality (based on the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes).

The research is based on the problem of determining the components of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality (based on the novel by D. Keyes «Flowers for Algernon»).

Authors studied: I.V. Arnold, I.R. Galperin, A.M. Erokhin, M.N. Kozhina, Yu.N. Karaulov and others.

The material under research includes the Novel «Flowers for Algernon» by D. Keyes.

The research methods were defined as follows: a method of continuous sampling for collecting linguistic material, the analysis of which allows us to solve the tasks and achieve the goal of the study; a descriptive method that allows you to describe the features of Charlie Gordon’s interaction with others, his progress and regression; analysis used to identify the socio-cultural component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality; synthesis and generalization, allowing to formulate the conclusions obtained as a result of the study.

The study consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references. 

Заключение:

The analysis of the literature on the topic of the study made it possible to draw a number of conclusions.

Consideration of the essence and characteristics of a literary text showed that a literary text is an individual work of artistic speech. In addition, the literary text is a constituent unit in the system of such texts.

The concept of discourse is considered from the standpoint of various approaches: anthropocentric, cognitive, linguoculturological. Each of the approaches introduces its own nuance into the definition of this concept and highlighting its main characteristics.

The social component of a linguistic personality presupposes that the bearer has mental qualities and a translator of accumulated sociocultural experience. The individual component is the result of the individual perception of the national and cultural values of society. In connection with the above, we note that a linguistic personality, using language as a means of communication, is at the same time its creator, realizing its universal and specific features.

Within the framework of this work, we understand a linguistic personality as a representative of a certain cultural / ethnic society, who uses the means of language to achieve a certain communicative-pragmatic goal according to the rules adopted in this society.

In the second chapter of this work, an analysis was made of the social component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality based on the material of D. Keyes’ novel «Flowers for Algernon». The material for the study was the dialogues and monologues of Charlie Gordon from the science fiction work-story by the American writer Daniel Keyes «Flowers for Algernon».

The analysis showed that the speech of the protagonist of the work by D. Keyes is characterized by its own features. The most striking of them is the presence of graphs. Charlie Gordon’s speech is presented from two angles: during intellectual progress and regression. During the mental process, he uses more complex stylistic figures and punctuation. A significant number of rhetorical questions in Charlie Gordon’s speech is explained by the specifics of the form of presentation of written speech, namely the diary report. Repetitions, as a rule, are due to the emotional state and emotional experiences about their own mental abilities. We believe that Charlie Gordon’s use of profanity, vulgarism, etc. is not an indicator of his low intelligence. Such vocabulary indicates the expressiveness of speech.

The thesaurus of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality is characterized by concreteness or abstractness, which indicates the propensity of the hero to use language units with a narrow or wide sphere of reference, analyticity or syntheticity, determined on the basis of the degree of detectiveness. So, Charlie’s analytical, detailed speech at the beginning is replaced by an increasingly synthetic, generalized one after his mental growth.

As a result of the analysis of the stylistic features of Charlie’s speech in dynamics, it was found that with the gradual intellectual evolution, stylistic figures of different levels appear in his language (comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions, etc.), which also indicates psycho-emotional changes.

The analysis of the social component of Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality allows us to conclude that it is expressed in the relationship of the main character with others (friends, colleagues, women). Charlie Gordon is a good-natured, conscientious and honest person. After the experiment, he became more self-confident, arrogant, but comes to the conclusion that the old Charlie was a much better person than the new Charlie. Charlie Gordon’s linguistic personality changes after the experiment. The speech of the protagonist of the work becomes more expressive and figurative, which is directly related to an increase in the level of intellectual development.

This work and the results of the study have their practical significance. The collected material and the results of the study can be used in such areas as cognitive linguistics, the communicative style of a literary text and in linguistic stylistics.

Regarding the use of the results of research in the field of cognitive linguistics, it should be noted that the subject of the image in a work of art, including in D. Keyes’s novel «Flowers for Algernon», is a person in a specific life process with its complexity and multidimensionality of relation to reality. The collected material can be useful in terms of studying the specifics of the image of characters, creating their speech portraits, in particular, the main character with mental retardation.

The language of a work of art in communicative linguistics is considered as the writer’s idiostyle, reflecting his image of the poetic world, which is interpreted with the help of individual «grammatical expressiveness». The linguistic style of D. Keyes is a system of means of linguistic reflection, organized into the unity of the worldview and the creative individuality of the artistic word. In this regard, the use of the results of the study will allow us to explore the specifics of creating emotiveness and expressiveness in the text of a work of art by a particular author.

The results of the study will be useful in studying the features of the stylistic organization of a literary text based on the work of D. Keyes «Flowers for Algernon». Today, scientists are actively discussing the status of this science and its localization in the system of other linguistic and/or literary disciplines. The possibility of including stylistics and poetics in the circle of linguistic disciplines in literary criticism is often criticized and is not even recognized as their related link, uniting the interests of both linguists and literary critics.

Thus, the tasks of the study were solved, the goal was achieved.

 

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE PERSONALITY

1.1 Literary Text as an Object of Linguistic Research

The text is a unit of written speech intended for a fairly wide audience. In connection with this, the increase in the number of communicants causes difficulties in linguistic communication.

In modern linguistic literature, the idea has already found universal recognition that linguistic communication, that is, communication between people in society, occurs through not just individual words, phrases and sentences, but through statements of various sizes: from sentences to entire texts. All aspects of the original text are related; grammatical, lexical, stylistic, general text and communicative information is processed simultaneously.

According to the psycholinguistic approach, the text is considered as a unit of communication. In addition, the text is a product of speech, which is determined by the needs of people in communication. As a rule, in a communication situation, one communicant seeks to exert a certain influence on the interlocutor in order to change his behavior or state. Behavior change is manifested in the fact that the communication partner performs some non-verbal action or reproduces the corresponding speech message. A change in state involves a change in the subject’s attitude to any object, in turn, can lead to a change in behavior.

The implementation of such an intention as the impact on the recipient of the text is possible under the following conditions:

‒ selection and use of language tools that ensure adequate implementation of the communicative program;

‒ perception of the text adequate to the author’s intention by the recipient, suggesting an attitude to the facts depicted in the text, as to the author himself.

In studies within the framework of mass communication, it is noted that the text is a hierarchy of communicative programs and is subordinate to the goal of the activity in which it belongs.

In the process of perceiving a text, after recognizing its meaning (perception of information), sign relations are established within the text, and then its meaning is revealed, which cannot be equal to its external expression, primarily in a quantitative aspect. Firstly, to understand the text of knowledge, much more knowledge is required than is presented in it, and secondly, the recipient’s memory must retain the text in the volume in which it is presented to him.

Since the language is a closed self-sufficient system, the study of its specifics always remains relevant due to the fact that it is impossible to study everything at once. In addition, the issue of studying the mechanism of the functioning of the language in the communicative process is quite relevant today [20, p. 152]. Since the language is a closed self-sufficient system, the study of its specifics always remains relevant due to the fact that it is impossible to study everything at once. In addition, the issue of studying the mechanism of the functioning of the language in the communicative process is quite relevant today. This meaning is reflected in the semantics of linguistic units used in communication as its operational units [45, p. 26-30]. At the same time, pragmatic components at all levels of formation of the semantic content of a linguistic sign coexist with semantic components.

Thus, all the qualities of the language (from pronunciation to the complex semantic mechanism of the unambiguous manifestation of specific speech acts) are realized only in communication [25], which makes it possible to consider the functional significance of this phenomenon when studying the communicative and pragmatic aspects of the functioning of the language.

Due to the fact that the study of a language within the framework of a communicative-pragmatic approach to linguistic phenomena will be more successful when it is implemented in a communicative situation (in other words, communicants perform speech actions), the study of this problem is possible in a functional aspect.

The pragmatic aspect of the analysis of a literary text suggests that the objective facts of linguistic reality are manifested in the multidimensional organization of the sentence and the syntactic structure [34, p. 17], and the study of the linguistic syntactic structure is carried out taking into account these aspects. This approach makes it possible to consider speech implementations of the sentence. This is a multi-level system that provides for the consideration of the grammar of the text from the point of view of the communicative aspect, since grammatical units as linguistic signs are aimed at performing a pragmatic function, both from the semantic and syntactic side.

Thus, in the process of communication, in particular between the author and the reader, grammatical constructions play an important role, participating in the formation of the structure of the utterance as a result of the interaction of the semantic content of the text and the pragmatic attitude, which allows generalizing everything that is usually understood as a speech situation, aimed at communication.

The pragmatic setting is understood as a set of communicative-pragmatic factors for creating socio-psychological situations of a specific speech act of generalization, which determines the communicative-homogeneous meaning of the statement. The central concept of the pragmatic setting of the utterance is the intention (the communicative intention of the speaker), that is, the orientation of the utterance towards solving a certain linguistic problem of communication. The situation of verbal communication is the coordination apparatus of expression necessary for a communicative act, since communication as a whole is realized in specific communicative acts, and the elementary communicative series «sender – message – recipient» acts as a communication quantum. A communicative act is impossible only in the absence of any of these components. A characteristic feature of a communicative act is the freedom of choice by the speaker of language means and models. If we talk about the content of an artistic tact as one that reflects the communicative situation, then it becomes important to take into account the content of the statement, in which there is a correlation of pragmatic meaning with formal linguistic and simply linguistic indicators.

Considering these categories, it is necessary to determine that, on the one hand, pragmatics is understood as the communicative side of the language, aimed at studying the effect of linguistic communication [25]. This feature must be taken into account when considering the communicative-pragmatic effect of the language units used in the text.

Pragmatics is aimed to study the specificity of the use in speech of language units (both oral and written) used by the speaker to influence the addressee of the message. The speaker, before realizing his intentions, selects the appropriate language means and forms that allow him to form various statements. In this case, the addressee (recipient) is the person or group of persons to whom the text is addressed. In this case, it is also necessary to accent attention on the subjective factor, when the speaker is given the leading position. Note that the difference between semantics and pragmatics lies in the fact that the first one is aimed to modeling the relationship between language signs, and the second is to study the relationship between signs and those who uses them. This factor is important in the process of communication when considering the pragmatic aspect.

The study of the text requires consideration not of each individual statement, but of the entire text as a whole (its composition), since only linguistic knowledge does not allow us to explain many of the essential features of a particular text. The extralinguistic basis of the text is the determining factor in the choice of the language organization of the text.

Next, let’s turn to the concept of «literary text».

If we consider the concepts of «literary work» and «artistic text», then the first is broader, but the second is the only material given by literary creativity. At the same time, the introduction of the reader to literature is possible only through the text [1].

A literary text is a separate work of art, which is purely individual, written in a particular language, as well as an integral unit in a system of similar texts. Fiction text suggests art style [17; 18; 43].

Texts belonging to the artistic style of speech influence the imagination and emotions of the recipients of these texts, broadcast the thoughts and emotions of the authors, and are characterized by the use of a variety of lexical units of the language. The fiction style is characterized by imagery, emotionality, and concreteness of presentation.

I. V. Arnold is one of those scientists who do not recognize the artistic style of speech, but deny its existence. At the same time, the scientist believes that any literary work is an example of an individual author’s speech, therefore, he follows his own standards. In addition, the authors can combine different styles of speech in one work [3].

According to I. R. Halperin, the general features of these style are as follows [13]:

1) aesthetic and cognitive function, the implementation of which allows the reader to simultaneously provide the reader with a gradual disclosure of the idea and a sense of satisfaction from reading, because he can penetrate into the author’s plan and form his own conclusions.

2) certain language features: