Платная доработка на тему Реферат по английскому

Содержание:

Key Words. 3

Introduction. 4

1. Features of international
terrorism.. 5

2. Definition of international
terrorism and the history of the formation of measures to combat it 7

Conclusions. 10

Bibliography. 11

Введение:

In the
second half of the twentieth century, according to many researchers, terrorism
becomes a phenomenon of a planetary scale. It goes beyond the framework of
individual states, acquires the features of an international, well-organized
movement, capable of competing in its importance and strength in international
politics with the major world powers.

Modern
society recognizes international terrorism as the most acute problem of our
time, one of the most dangerous phenomena for human civilization at the present
stage.

Since the
sixties of the last century, the world community has been forced to intensify
anti-terrorist measures, because it was during this period that terrorist acts
began to be used more often as a way to influence political processes. And if
earlier terrorist attacks were rare exceptions, then since the end of the
twentieth century they have become ubiquitous in a number of countries. Already
from the middle of the 20th century, anti-terrorist units began to gradually
appear among the armed forces in some countries.

Terrorist
activity expanded geographic boundaries, and as a result, states began to
actively develop anti-terrorist organizations and cooperate with each other.

The purpose
of the research is to study international terrorism.

Tasks: The structure
of the work is presented by an introduction, two sections, a conclusion and a
list of references.

Заключение:

The signs
of international terrorism recorded in the conventions characterize this
phenomenon not only as a legal one, but also as a socio-political one.

All this
testifies to the prevailing understanding in the international community of the
danger and necessity of combating terrorism and, at the same time, to the
absence of a global consensus on the issue of identifying the essential
features of international terrorism as a crime. That is why the UN adheres to
the policy of creating narrow conventions on issues that do not require deep
international agreement. It seems that this approach is undoubtedly a
compromise, but insufficient for an effective fight against terrorism. Russian
politicians and scientists have repeatedly noted the need for the earliest
possible development and signing of a comprehensive UN convention on international
terrorism, in which the universal concept of "terrorism" should be
given. Coordination of approaches to the development of a single concept will
make it possible to intensify joint actions of states to destroy it.

The purpose
of any terrorist act is to break the unity in the world community, to incite
hatred of different nationalities towards each other. Its most specific feature
is the difficulty of forecasting. Often, the subjects of terrorism are mentally
unhealthy, unbalanced people, as well as overly active politicians.

The system
of international counteraction to terrorism is being actively formed in our
time. It includes cooperation between states both at the regional and global
levels. The global scale of the fight against terrorism shows that problems in
the environment of international relations and security have been taking place
for a long time, and now the world community is obliged to take a completely
new look at solving issues of the modern world order.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1.
Features of international terrorism Terrorism
is a policy based on the systematic use of terror. Despite the legal force of
the term "terrorism", its definition remains ambiguous until now.

An
important feature of modern terrorism is its international character.

Terrorist
organizations have established close ties among themselves on a common
ideological, confessional, military, commercial and other basis. Terrorist
groups, especially their leaders, in many cases closely interact in matters of
acquiring weapons, covering each other, and dividing functions and tasks during
large-scale operations. An important feature of modern terrorism is its
well-structured and organized nature. Terrorist organizations create unified
governing bodies, a management system, planning units. Meetings and meetings of
the leaders of the largest groups, coordination of the activities of
organizations of various nationalities were noted [5].

Terrorist
activity in modern conditions is characterized by a wide scale, the absence of
state borders, the presence of communication and interaction with international
terrorist centers and organizations; a rigid organizational structure, consisting
of a commanding and operational echelon, intelligence and counterintelligence
units, logistics, combat groups and cover; strict secrecy and careful selection
of personnel; the presence of agents in law enforcement and government
agencies; good technical equipment, often superior to the equipment of a unit
of government forces; the presence of a network of secret shelters, training
bases and training grounds.

Terrorist
organizations acquire economic independence, firstly, through the financial
support of their supporters, and secondly, through self-financing (criminal
activity). The main source of terrorist financing is the control of drug
trafficking, racketeering, prostitution, arms trade, smuggling, gambling, etc.
For example, the main source of funding for the Peruvian Sendero Luminoso
movement and the Lebanese Hez-Bollah is the drug business, and the Ceylon Liberation
Tigers of Tamil Eelam are drugs and the trade in weapons and precious stones.
Such "economically formed" terrorism is capable of serious
independent activity not only on the scale of its own country, but also in
other states. To deploy criminal activities, it is necessary to have structures
for money laundering (controlled banks, firms, enterprises). Terror is a medium
and creates a new economic sector called the "gray economy" [8].

Terrorism
has become an effective and effective means of intimidation and destruction in
an irreconcilable dispute between different worlds, radically different in
their moral standards, culture, and worldview. The interstate scale of modern
terrorism is manifested in the fact that decisions to carry out terrorist
attacks and their preparation take place in some countries, while they
themselves are committed in others. Many acts of international terrorism are
directed against leaders of countries, statesmen and politicians.

The main
characteristic features of this especially dangerous crime are encroachments on
the peaceful development of international relations and the fundamental
principles of international law, in creating a threat to the life of political
and state leaders, large masses of people who, under pain of death, suffering,
material losses, are forced to make concessions, if terrorist attacks do not
receive an adequate response. In these actions there is always a direct intent
of the persons carrying out them, as well as the party that organizes and
sponsors these actions from outside [5].