Платная доработка на тему Неологизмы в английском языке

Содержание:

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.. 2
CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL BASIS FOR
STUDYING NEOLOGISMS. 4
1.1 Neologism as phenomenon of modern
English. 4
1.2 Types of word formation in English. 7
1.3 Classification of neologisms. 10
Summary to Chapter 1. 13
CHAPTER 2. FEATURES OF NEOLOGISMS IN
MODERN ENGLISH.. 14
2.1 Word-formation models of English
neologisms. 14
2.2 Thematic groups of English
neologisms. 28
Summary to Chapter 2. 31
CONCLUSION.. 32
REFERENCES. 34

Введение:

INTRODUCTION In recent
years, in connection with the development of science, culture, technology,
industry, changes have occurred in the vocabulary of the English language,
expressed in the appearance of new words and phrases that serve as names for
new objects, phenomena, concepts. Neologisms, which have become units of the
language, eventually enter dictionaries that reflect the current state of the
vocabulary.

New words are
constantly appearing in the language. The development of science and
technology, the expansion of international cooperation, growing globalization
and many other factors affect the enrichment of the vocabulary of the language.
Social factors are also a productive cause of forming neologisms. New lexical
units are widespread in media texts, as they are designed to reflect the
current situation in society and are always relevant.

The relevance of this research is explained by the
importance of studying the phenomenon of new vocabulary, which is designed to
reflect all the changes that are taking place in modern life. In this context,
such phenomena as computerization, informatization, and globalization come to
the fore. In addition, that significant interest in the problem of neologisms
in the system of the English language is predetermined by the importance of
neologisms in the context of language development, which directly reflects the
process of language adaptation to the changing reality.

Заключение:

CONCLUSION Summing up, a neologism is a new word, a linguistic
innovation, a grammatical feature manifested in the language system. The main
and main reason for the emergence of neologisms is scientific, technical and
social progress: the emergence of new socio-economic realia, scientific and
technical discoveries, achievements in the field of culture.

The key feature of any neologism is the absolute
novelty of the word for most native speakers. In addition, any word remains a
neologism for a very short time. Since the word begins to be actively used, it
loses its peculiarity of novelty and becomes generally accepted. Consequently,
the definition of a neologism is changeable in time and relative: a word
remains a neologism as long as the speakers feel novelty in it.

As for the
factors influencing the appearance of neologisms in speech, the lexical system
is characterized by duality: on the one hand, it reveals a direct connection
with the surrounding reality, on the other hand, it obeys the general
linguistic laws of word formation. External, social factors require constant
enrichment from the lexical composition of the language, and internal,
linguistic factors determine the specific forms of such an enrichment. The
processes within reality, socially significant events, requiring new
nominations, activate certain links of the word-formation system of the
language.

Within the framework of this research, the main ways
of forming neologisms of the English language were considered. In the formation
of words in modern English, the following word-formation models are involved:
abbreviation, conversion, affixation, disaffixation, compounding, compression.
These types of word formation can function independently or together.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1.1 Neologism as
phenomenon of modern English According to I.V. Arnold, neologism is a word or a
speech construction created to denote a new object or express a new concept [1, p. 28]. Commonly, a neologism is a word or concept
that has not yet entered widespread use among the language natives. The word
ceases to be a neologism as soon as it leaves the narrow circle of use and
becomes widespread in the speech [1, p. 30; 26].

The difference between neologisms and occasional words
should be taken into account. In the dictionary by T.F. Efremova presented the
following definition of occasional words. "Occasional words are the words
formed at a certain moment, in relation to any special case, as one of the
varieties of neologisms (in linguistics)" [cited: 23].

In fact, an occasional word is a neologism of
individual-stylistics that was created on the basis of a specific text for a
specific purpose, which, however, never entered the main body of the language [12].

It is
important to emphasize that the concept of "neologism" itself is
adapted in the language system on the basis of already existing word-formation
models. At the same time, the main goal of neologism is to become a name for a
new phenomenon or object. Moreover, the key reason for the formation of
neologisms is social and scientific and technological progress.

The main
distinctive feature of neologisms is the complete novelty of the created word
for the vast majority of native speakers. Such a word quickly leaves the
position of a neologism. It becomes either a part of the language, or goes to
its periphery [8].