Курсовая с практикой на тему Ways of Word Formation in The English and Spanish Languages.

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 2

CHAPTER 1. THE BASIC THEORETICAL PROVISIONS OF THE
RESEARCH   4

1.1 The concept of word formation. 4

1.2 Ways of word formation in English. 9

1.3 Ways of word formation in Spanish. 11

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION IN THE PUBLICISTIC
STYLE. 15

2.1 Key features of English and Spanish news-writing style. 15

2.2 Word formation in the English-language press. 25

2.3 Word formation in Spanish publicistic style. 31

Conclusions. 41

References. 42

Application А.. 45

Введение:

This research is devoted to the
analysis of the word-formation possibilities of modern English and Spanish
using the example of new media vocabulary. The modern information society has a
major impact on the quality of language. The language of the media today has
become the most influential style of modern Russian literary language. Such
parameters of the publicistic style as the type of author, the structure of
speech, keywords, evaluativeness, etc. are undergoing a number of changes
today. Qualitative changes in the language of media discourse are most clearly
reflected in the process of nomination — one of the most important intentional
text categories of media discourse. A well-chosen word allows the
author-journalist to realize many intentions, such as persuasion, evaluation,
attraction of attention, impact, etc.

The relevance of this study is
determined, firstly, by the need to introduce new empirical material into
scientific circulation, proving not only quantitative, but also qualitative
changes in the lexical composition of modern media discourse, and secondly, by
demonstrating the increased role of creativity in publicistic activity,
reflected in word-formation processes.

The object of the research is the
newly formed words of modern print media, created according to productive and
unproductive word-formation models. The subject of the research is the actual
word-formation models in modern media discourse.

The aim of the work is to conduct
a study of neological vocabulary of the media with the aim of identifying the
actual word-formation models used in modern media discourse (using the example
of print media).

This goal determines the solution
of the following specific tasks:

1. to explore the dynamic aspect
of derivational processes, which involves the analysis of cause-and-effect
relationships between linguistic units, as well as their determination by the
extralinguistic features of modern media discourse;

2. to analyze the pragmatic
functions of morphemes involved in the formation of new vocabulary;

3. to identify the connection
between the communicative intentions of authors-journalists and their
implementation in word production.

Depending on the tasks to be
solved, a complex of philological methods was used in the work: the method of communicative-discourse
analysis, semantic analysis of the text. We also used word-formation analysis
with elements of quantitative-statistical analysis.

The study confirmed the
hypothesis that word formation in modern media discourse is an effective tool for
solving pragmatic tasks that the journalist sets himself in accordance with the
author’s intention.

The theoretical significance of
the dissertation lies in the identification and study of actual word-formation
models and types of nominations functioning in the space of media discourse.
The theoretical value is also seen in the development of the intentional method
in stylistics, which allows directly linking the author’s communicative
intention with its implementation in the media text with the help of
word-formation resources, which makes it possible to reveal the implicit
mechanisms of the journalist’s creative activity.

The practical value of the
research lies in the fact that the theoretical conclusions of the work can be
applied in the practice of teaching stylistics, vocabulary, word formation in
universities. The material of the dissertation research can be useful and
interesting to practicing journalists interested in the mastery of presenting
information using a wide range of language means and, in particular, the
word-formation capabilities of the language, as well as to improve their
professional level.

Заключение:

Thus, as a general conclusion, it
should be stated that a large number of various derivational models in the
field of journalism in the English language can be explained both from the
standpoint of the peculiarities of its grammatical structure (the functioning
of stress, the alternation of sounds), and purely historically.

At the moment of their
development, world languages ​​incorporate a large number of identical lexical
units. This is due to the fact that new realities and concepts are either
formed in English with subsequent automatic borrowing into Spanish, or are
transformed in the latter "based on" the principle of communication
efficiency.

At the same time, the Spanish
language, while retaining its characteristic models of word formation in
journalism, has many similar models with the English language and actively uses
prefixes and suffixes of Latin and Greek origin, which speaks in favor of the
trend towards its globality and the status of a world language.

Today, the active development of
the media at the international level has increased the need for the use and
prevalence of world languages. The processes of migration from Latin America to
the United States, the intensive political, economic and cultural integration
of the Anglo- and Spanish-speaking worlds contribute to the fact that the
Spanish language is increasingly being used as a language of international communication.
The study of word formation in the field of business terminology is necessary
for the implementation of competent translation and subsequent comparison of
Anglo-Saxon and Spanish cultures, overcoming such socio-cultural difficulties
as "mechanical borrowing" or the use of non-equivalent vocabulary or
deceptively equivalent words, often leading to hidden socio-cultural problems.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THE BASIC THEORETICAL
PROVISIONS OF THE RESEARCH

1.1 The concept of word formation

Word formation (derivation) is the
formation of new words (derivatives) from the same root words and the resulting
formal semantic relationship between the derivative and its producing word. For
example, work → worker.

Word formation is called both the
process of formation of derivative words and the branch of linguistics in which
the derivation means, and methods of word-formation are studied.

The main tasks of word formation
as a branch of linguistics are as follows:

1) Establish whether a word is a
derivative in the modern language (at a synchronous level),

2) Determine from what and with
the help of what a given derivative word is formed.

Basic concepts of word formation:

— Derivative basis,

— Producing base (or bases),

— Word-formation tool,

— Word-formation method,

— Processes that accompanying
word-formation.

Word formation, as a branch of
morphology, began to emerge back in the 1940s — 50s; a great contribution to
its creation in Russian science was made by such scientists as V.V. Vinogradov,
G.O. Vinokur, and A.I.Smirnitsky.

Traditionally, word formation is
studied as part of morphology. Even then, important problems began to be
solved, such as the problem of dividing a word into morphemes, the principles
of creating new words, the structure of derivative words of different parts of
speech. Oddly enough, word formation is closely related to morphology. V.V.
Vinogradov identified the difference between them. Morphology studies form
formation, and word formation studies the formation of words. In the 1960s —
80s, it was decided that word-formation would become a separate linguistic
discipline, with its own method of analysis and system of concepts.

There are synchronous and
diachronous ways of word-formation. Synchronous ways of word-formation are
those ways in which the formation of words occurs using affixes, morphemes, and
stems. As a rule, word formation occurs with the help of two single-root words
(productive and derivative), one of which is more complex than the other by one
semantic unit.