Курсовая с практикой на тему The usage of phrasal verbs in «The Unconquered» by W. Somerset Maugham

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 3
1 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF PHRASAL VERBS 5
1.1 Phrasal verb as a special semantic unity 5
1.2 Functional and lexico-semantic features of phrasal verbs 9
Conclusions of the first chapter 15
2 LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF PHRASAL VERBS IN THE “UNSUBDUED” WORK OF MAUGHAM SOMERSET 16
Conclusions of the second chapter 26
CONCLUSION 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY 31
APPENDIX 1 33
APPENDIX 2 36

Введение:

The relevance of the paper. Linguoculturology is a science that emerged at the junction of linguistics and cultural studies and explores the manifestations of the culture of a people, which are reflected and entrenched in the language. Identifying the national and cultural specifics of a given people through the study of language and analysis of the linguistic phenomena of a given people is of interest to many scientists, such as O.A. Leontovich, A. Vezhbitskaya, T.G. Grushevitskaya, V.I. Karasik and others. O.A. Leontovich defines linguoculturology as a language and culture in their synchronous interaction. According to T.G. Grushevitskaya, language is one of the most important components of culture, a form of thinking, a manifestation of human activity. It is through the medium of languages that a person discovers and recognizes the peculiarities of cultures of different nations of the world. Language and culture are the main codes with which people communicate. According to V.I. Karasik, “the linguistic form, the structure of the language, the system of categories and the dominant categories largely determine the mentality of the people speaking the appropriate language”.
Phrasal verbs are a vast stratum of modern English. The main function of the phrasal verb is lexico-semantic, which is why their number is constantly increasing and the phrasal verb can often be found in any type of text. That is why this unit was chosen by us for research.
This course work is devoted to the study of phrasal verbs, their classification, signs and components, which is the content of its theoretical part. The practical part of the work includes an analysis of the features of the translation of phrasal verbs used in the artistic text.
The object of the research is the phrasal verb of modern English.
The subject of the work was the translatological features of the phrasal verb in the artistic text.
Aim: to identify features of the phrasal verb in the fiction text «The Unconquered» by W. Somerset Maugham.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined:
— Phrasal verb as a special semantic unity.
— Functional and lexico-semantic features of phrasal verbs.
— Linguistic Features Of Phrasal Verbs In The “Unsubdued” work of Maugham Somerset.
In this study, phrasal verbs are considered in the linguocultural sense.
Methods: Analogy — drawing a parallel in the phenomena similar to the source data. Classification — the identification of criteria and the subsequent systematization of information on them. Analysis — the study of the phenomenon through the separation of its components. Synthesis — data connection to the overall concept.
The material for the study was the work of U.S. Maugham “The Unconquered”, where phrasal verbs were analyzed from the perspective of linguistic culturology. Phrasal verbs analyzed from the perspective of linguoculturology, expressing possibility, ability, probability, do not reflect specific processes [actions], but show only the attitude of the speaker to the action, assessment of the action.

Заключение:

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the tasks that were set at the beginning of the work were completed. In the course of work they solved the tasks.
The phrasal verbs of the English language are very diverse both in their compatibility and in the additional meanings that they contain or that they acquire in the text. The phrasal verbs of the English language are significantly different from the verbs of any other language, they have their own peculiarities and that is why some difficulties may arise in the process of their translation.
When transferring phrasal verbs from English to Russian, special attention should be paid to the context; it is in it that the phrasal verb can reveal an unexpectedly new meaning. For the translation of such units, the most often used methods of differentiation, semantic development, and analogue.
The legacy of Maugham is uneven, and what he created is marked by a certain restraint, detachment, and rationalism in the transmission of the beat of life. Perhaps, he understood this better than his critics and said about it himself: «… in my works there is not and cannot be that warmth, wide humanity and spiritual clarity, which we find only among the greatest writers» [«Summing up»]. But in his best books, which stood the test of time and provided him with a place among the classics of English literature of the 20th century, put great, universal and philosophical plans, problems.
Maugham’s answers were sometimes inconsistent, controversial, or even unacceptable, but the author’s artistic honesty in dealing with these problems is attractive in any case — even frank admission that he himself doesn’t know the answer, and if he offers his own point of view Requests not to consider it true. Are there any comprehensive answers to some of the questions that worried Maugham and, therefore, his characters? Literature, at least to this day, will hardly say the last, decisive word here.
As a result of the systematization of the existing corpus of phrasal verbs selected from «The Unconquered» by W. Somerset Maugham, all types of phrasal verbs were identified, among which quantitatively dominated free combinations, phraseological units and phraseological units. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the author does not think the same.

Figure 1. Phrasal verbs in «The Unconquered» by W. Somerset Maugham

After classification, it was found that indivisible verbs make up 53% of the total sample, divisible verbs — 47% of the total sample. The data obtained allow us to conclude that V. Somerset Maugham uses mostly free combinations, less frequently resorting to idiom and idiom.
The study also showed that not all phrasal verbs can be classified on the basis of thematic commonality of the key elements of phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs, called phraseological units, are so semantically indivisible that it is impossible to isolate the meaning of an individual component.
After analyzing the use of phrasal verbs by V. Somerset Maugham in detective works, we noted that the frequency of phrasal verbs is 27% of all verbs used by the author, and are used mainly in dialogical speech, in the inner speech of characters, and in acute moments of the plot. This indicates the author’s desire to give the dialogues of the characters naturalness and expressiveness, which is one of the important indicators of the stylistic coloring of the detective language.
An empiricist and skeptic, he comes to eternal truths from his own experience, preferring not to take anything on faith. It is worth paying tribute to Maugham: he was able to uncover surprisingly individual, unimaginable, absolutely incredible guises that live in the real world.
In works of art — and Maugham is important, first of all, as an artist — the originality of the method of his artistic thinking is important, while he, Somerset Maugham, on his material and fully armed with his own style, comes to the discovery of certain truths about man and art. In different novels, this happens differently.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF PHRASAL VERBS
1.1 Phrasal verb as a special semantic unity

In modern linguistics there is no consensus about the nature of the origin of phraseological units. Even leading linguists offer different interpretations of this phenomenon, which confirms its complex nature.
So, E. g., A. I. Smirnitsky believes that phraseological units are stable combinations that do not have expressiveness or emotional coloring [14].
VV Vinogradov believes that all phraseological units are expressions in which the meaning of one element depends on the meaning of another [18]. Classification of phraseological units from his point of view should be based on the principle of semantic fusion of their components. The main point of this classification is that idioms arise from a free combination of words, which is used in a figurative sense. Gradually, the portability is forgotten, erased, and the combination becomes stable. Depending on how erased the nominative values of the components of a phraseological unit are, how strong is the figurative meaning in them, V.Vinogradov divides them into three types: “phraseological intergrowths, phraseological unity and phraseological combinations” [17].
Consider these types of phraseological units.
Phraseological unions, or idioms, are absolutely indivisible, indecomposable, stable combinations, the general meaning of which does not depend on the meaning of their constituent words. Phraseological unions arose on the basis of the figurative meanings of their components, but subsequently these figurative meanings became incomprehensible from the point of view of the modern language. In the phraseological adhesions, the connection between the direct and the figurative meanings is lost, the portable for them has become the main one. That is why it is difficult to translate phraseological adhesions into other languages. Phraseological unions have a number of characteristic features:
1. They may include so-called neuroticism — words that are not used anywhere else, except for this fusion, are not clear as a result of this from the point of view of the modern language;
2. The composition of unions can include archaisms;
3. They are syntactically indecomposable;
4. In them it is impossible in most cases to rearrange the components;
5. They are characterized by impenetrability — do not allow additional words in their composition.
Phraseological units are such stable combinations of words in which, in the presence of a common figurative meaning, there are clearly preserved signs of semantic separation of components.
“Phraseological unity is somewhat closer to phraseological adhesions with its imagery, metaphor city” [3]. But unlike phraseological adhesions, where figurative content is revealed only diachronically, figurativeness in phraseological unity, portability is realized from the point of view of the modern language. No wonder academician V.V. Vinogradov considers figurativeness to be a characteristic feature of only phraseological unity. “The connection between the components of a phraseological unity is motivated, metaphorization is clearly felt” [17].