Курсовая с практикой на тему Сослагательные наклонение в английском языке/ Subjunctive moods in english

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1. THE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN MODERN ENGLISH 5
1.1. Category of mood of the verb in the English language 5
1.2. The historical aspect of the study of the subjunctive mood in the English language 8
1.3. Characteristics and forms of the subjunctive mood in modern English 12
CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF COGELATIVE DECLINATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE 21
2.1. Analysis of the use of the Subjunctive in the speeches and epistles of American presidents 21
2.2. The Use of the Subjunctive in Fiction 26
2.2.1. Subjunctive mood of the verb as a stylistic device on the example of the story «A movable feast» 26
2.2.2. Subjunctive mood of the verb as a stylistic device on the example of the novel «The sun also rises» 28
CONCLUSION 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY 32

Введение:

Relevance of the research topic. From the point of view of a bio-socio-cultural approach to the study of the language system and the process of speech communication, a person is a linguistic person 1 who possesses knowledge, that is, experience of interaction with the environment. It is common for a person as a linguistic person to analyze his actions committed in the past and build hypothetical versions of the development of events in the future. To express such thoughts, a person uses the subjunctive mood of a verb in speech.
The verb inclination is the subject of numerous studies on the theory and history of the grammatical structure of the English language. Works by B.A. Ilisha, A.I. Smirnitsky, L.S. Barkhudarova and many other linguists are devoted to the study of this grammatical category of the verb.
The subjunctive mood of the verb in English is of the greatest interest to us because of the many forms of expression, shades of modality and unreality of action. It is important to understand not only the meaning of the statement, but also its emotional coloring, which can be conveyed by means of the subjunctive mood. Therefore, we need to consider the peculiarities of the subjunctive mood of the verb, to determine its role in speech.
The question of the inclination category in the modern English verb system is one of the most complex and confusing. Nevertheless, mastering the ability to correctly use the forms of inclinations in grammatical constructions is one of the main tasks.
The main difficulties in working with moods are expressed in the inability to use them in sentences of different temporal forms.
We consider the subjunctive mood, defining its main purpose in the system of the English language.
The object of the study is the subjunctive in English.
The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the subjunctive moods in modern English and the specificity of their use in speech.
The purpose of this work is to identify the peculiarities of the subjunctive mood in the English language.
The solution of a number of tasks contributed to the achievement of the goal:
1. To characterize the category of inclination of the verb in English.
2. To consider the historical aspect of the study of the subjunctive mood in English language.
3. To characterize the subjunctive mood and describe its forms in modern English.
4. To analyze the characteristics of the use of the subjunctive mood in modern English.
The following research methods were determined:
− analysis of literature on the research topic;
− synthesis method;
− generalization method;
− descriptive method.
The theoretical significance of this work lies in the fact that we have systematized and summarized information on the relative subjunctive mood and its forms in the English language.
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the material collected by us can be used in further developments of this issue, as well as in the possibility of its use as materials for lectures on the English language.
The structure of the course work is determined by the purpose and objectives of the study. Course work consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion and list of references.
 

Заключение:

The subject of our research is the grammatical category of the verb — inclination. Until now, linguists have not come to a consensus on the number of verb inclinations, while expressing polar points of view. In this work, of interest is the subjunctive mood of the verb in English, which also causes controversy among scholars. We tried to consider this category by diachronic method, that is, to trace the process of its changes during the development of the language, from Old English to modern English, and synchronously, that is, to determine the state of the subjunctive mood at present. We found out that over time, the synthetic forms of the subjunctive mood were gradually supplanted by analytical forms, this process of crowding out is not over yet, therefore in modern English there are those and other forms. In addition, over time, the scope of the subjunctive mood also varied. So, earlier this category was used more often than today. The meanings that the subjunctive mood expresses have not changed much.
Subjunctive mood plays a large role in the reflection of the relation to reality by a person or a language personality. Reflection is an important part of human knowledge of the world and analysis of one’s own actions in the past, present or future. The process of reflection includes the construction of hypothetical ways of development of events, and a person can express them in speech using the subjunctive mood.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that the attempt to explore the peculiarities of the functioning of the Subjunctive in modern English leaves room for further scientific study. First of all, it is required to reveal the sign nature of this phenomenon, i.e. determine exactly what language means and how serve as indicators of suprareality in human consciousness. Secondly, it seems necessary to answer the question: can the concept of suprareality be considered the prototypical grammatical meaning of counterfeit forms? Thirdly, one should take a deeper look at the pragmatic side of the phenomenon (for what specific purposes and in what situations the speaker refers to such supra-reality).

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN MODERN ENGLISH
1.1. Category of mood of the verb in the English language

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), a Swiss linguist, whose works laid the foundation for semiology and structural linguistics, wrote that at any given moment speech activity implies both an established system and evolution. At any moment, language is both a living activity and a product of the past . The scientist believed that the language should be studied diachroneally (modifications in the process of history) and synchronously (the state of the language as a system at the moment). V. von Humboldt expressed a similar point of view, dividing comparative linguistics into “the study of the organism of languages” and “the study of languages in the state of their development” . Many scholars shared and disputed this view of language learning. However, the Russian linguist Baudouin de Courtenay expressed an interesting thought: “the task of the researcher is to determine the state of the language in such periods, in accordance with these periods, and only later to show how such and such a system the composition of the previous time could develop such and such a system and composition of the time of the subsequent”. That is, studying the language in two directions, we must make a general conclusion based on the results of research.
S.K. Gural, in his works, considers language as a self-organizing, communicative system, the development of which is similar to the development of a living organism . A language, like any self-developing system, changes over time under the influence of various factors, that is, the language evolves. In addition, C.K. Gural in the book “Language as a self-developing system” cites the words of M.M. Makovsky: “There is nothing straightforward in the language, given once and for all: language is both a system and an anti-system, it is a self-regulating, self-generating and self-sufficient phenomenon, but at the same time a social phenomenon reflecting the life and customs of its bearers” .
From the point of view of a language as a self-developing system, it is possible to consider individual grammar positions.