Курсовая с практикой на тему Phonetic styles in English and their main functions (based on Oprah Winfrey speech)

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF PHONETIC STYLES 4

1.1. The concept of phonetic styles 4

1.2. Function of phonetic styles 7

Summary of results 10

CHAPTER 2. PRACTICAL STUDY OF PHONETIC STYLES IN ENGLISH (based on Oprah Winfrey’s speech) 11

2.1 General characteristics of Oprah Winfrey’s speech 11

2.2. Oprah Winfrey’s phonetic style 20

Summary of results 23

CONCLUSION 24

REFERENCES 26

Введение:

Applied phonetics is experiencing an era of rapid development. It’s about the style of speech. The study of sounding speech comes to the fore for several reasons. Firstly, this problem has been little studied, and secondly, the problem of the psycholinguistic functions of the apparatus of sounding speech is of great interest.

The study of the style-forming capabilities of the sound means of the language belongs to the field of phonostylistics. The existence of phonetic styles is beyond doubt; the problem lies in their choice. A classification of phonetic styles related to functional speech styles has not been created. Difficulties correspond to the phonetic characteristics of various types of speech activity due to the lack of a systematic description of the level of sounding speech.

The object of research is phonetic styles.

The subject of research is the phonetic style of Oprah Winfrey’s speech.

The purpose of research is to study the features of Oprah Winfrey’s phonetic style.

Research objectives:

1. To reveal the concept of phonetic styles.

2. Define the functions of phonetic styles.

3. Give a general description of Oprah Winfrey’s speech.

4. Consider Oprah Winfrey’s phonetic style.

The structure of the paper is introduction, main part, conclusions and references.

Заключение:

Phonetic styles are formed in each language during the development of functional speech styles. Some authors spoke about the magical function of language, ranking them among the most important. Signs of sounding speech have the main function of influencing a person. The formation of the style of speech cannot be attributed to the period of the appearance of written texts. In the process of speech formation, certain styles should be highlighted.

Conversational style is a stylistically reduced speech. There is no striving for the external side of expression, for the completeness of the transmission of the sound composition of the word.

The vernacular style is beyond literary pronunciation.

The pace of speech is also significant, although there is no direct relationship between the style of speech and the pace. When the pace is slow, speech is more distinct, when fast — intelligibility, clarity of speech is significantly reduced. All styles of pronunciation are used on radio and television, not only in literary and dramatic, but also in informational broadcasts. High style is used when reading important messages, government documents, or any official materials. In the speech of correspondence, interviews, in which significant deviations from the norm are allowed, both in the field of pronunciation and in the field of vocabulary, phraseology, grammar, colloquial, and sometimes colloquial style is used.

The vast majority of radio and television programs, in which the voices of announcers, authors of programs — journalists, teachers, scientists, artists — are heard, use a neutral style. So that no pronouncing features of the speaker distract the attention of radio listeners and TV viewers from the content of speech.

We have listed a basic set of responsibilities, but it all depends on the direction of activity. The presenter of the weather forecast or fashion chronicle works according to a clear scenario. The TV presenter of the talk show improvises, smoothes out conflicts and corrects the script, taking into account the situation in the studio. A TV presenter is a prestigious profession, so you should prepare for high competition and intrigue.

There are many ways to learn how to interpret body language, but it should be understood that they are often specific to a particular culture. For example, a person who is sitting with his arms crossed over his chest and legs crossed may be sending an unintended message that he is really not open to conversations. Eye contact is another key element of nonverbal contact in most of the world. If looking someone in the eye is enough, but not too much, it may mean that the person is straightforward and outspoken. Avoiding eye contact may mean that he is shy, or, conversely, it may express irritation or disgust towards someone.

The components of a speech portrait are divided into verbal and nonverbal. The verbal ones include lexical features of speech, namely the presence of colloquial and slang vocabulary, phraseological units, diminutives, epithets, as well as the widespread use of the vocabulary of the thematic groups «travel» and «vehicles». At the morphological level, we have noted the use of interjections. Nonverbal means include facial expressions and gestures of a TV presenter.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF PHONETIC STYLES

1.1. The concept of phonetic styles

Phonetic style (pronunciation style) is a type of pronunciation with a particular differential-expressive-evaluative function.

Phonetic styles are formed in each speech during the development of functional speech styles. Some authors (for example, R. Jacobson) spoke about the magical function of language, ranking them among the most important. Signs of sounding speech have the main function of influencing a person. It can be said that in every speech based on speech styles, the basic functional styles are already complex [5, p. 23]. They’ve stylistic markings, which, first of all, are expressed in rhythm, melody, as well as at the phoneme level. A person living in ancient times, unmistakably recognizable by sound, recognizes a spell, prayer or lullaby. Natural speech is carried out by a fixed alternation of melodic ups and downs. Even the most expressionless speech is never totally monotonous.

However, the size of the intervals of melodic ups and downs is determined by a no of factors: the speaker’s individual style, situational, contextual. However, there are a no of melodic types required for all speakers of a specific language [5, p. 34].

Literary speech provides for strict compliance with accepted norms. Within the limits of literary speech, there are pronunciation and stress variants. Each variant has its own scope and purpose, i.e. it belongs to a certain style [8, p. 33].

The vernacular style is beyond literary pronunciation.

The pace of speech is also significant, although there is no direct relationship between the style of speech and the pace. When the pace is slow, speech is more distinct, when fast — intelligibility, clarity of speech is significantly reduced. All styles of pronunciation are used on radio and television, not only in literary and dramatic, but also in informational broadcasts. High style is used