Курсовая с практикой на тему Phonetic features of cockney dialect based od The Gentlemen by Guy Richie

Содержание:

Introduction 3

Chapter 1. Theoretical issues of the study of English dialects 6

1.1 The definition and classification of English territorial dialects 6

1.2 Characteristic of some types of dialects in English 9

Conclusion of the first chapter 15

Chapter II. The peculiarities of language in “The Gentlemen” by Guy Richie 16

2.1 Language features of the film Gentleman 16

2.2 Practical analysis of cockney in the film «Gentlemen» 18

2.2.1 Lexical features of the film «Gentlemen» 24

Conclusion of the second chapter 28

Conclusion 29

References 30

Введение:

English is very common language on the globe, and is not the native language of the English only. It is spoken by about two billion people, almost half a billion of whom consider English their native language, and about one and a half billion – their second language. Naturally, it is hard to imagine that English remains the same for all English-speaking people on any continent.

In the UK, there are many different regional dialects that are specific to individual cities. Some of them are melodic and pleasant to hear. Some of them sound strange, guttural, and some seem completely incomprehensible. Some of the British are finding it very difficult to understand Glaswegian (a very strong Scottish accent). Others find it hard to delve into the conversation of a native of Birmingham.

Dialect is a kind of national language, which is used by a relatively limited number of people associated with a community of territorial, social, professional. At the same time, the dialect functions along with the literary norm and cannot be separated into a separate independent language. On the other hand, a dialect can displace other dialects from a certain territory, and even become the basis of a literary language.

Varieties of dialects of the English language devoted the works of O.M. Evteyeva, A.G. Kirillova, V. G. Subich, A. M.Kochergin, E. V. Konevsky, etc. You can find scientific articles on this topic. The work «London Cockney dialect and its transmission when translated into Russian» by S.S. Shimberg, the author describes the London Cockney dialect and its transmission when translated into Russian, phonetic and grammatical features of the Cockney dialect, rhymed Cockney slang. David Crystal, a professor of linguistics at Bangor University, argues that the complete disappearance of the Cockney dialect is quite possible, but its significance indicates that the impulse that makes us rhyme words still has quite a big impact. Perhaps that is why the classic Cockney turns from a dialect into a linguistic game.

Speaking about the future of Cockney, Paul Kersville, professor of sociolinguistics, Lancaster University, is more categorical. He believes that Cockney will disappear from the streets of London within the next 30 years and will be replaced by «multicultural London English, that is, a mixture of Cockney, Bangladeshi and Caribbean accents». However, scientists prove that the lexical part of the language changes every ten years, so, in their opinion, it is necessary constantly study Cockney because of a certain slang as part of the Cockney dialect. Thus, it seems relevant to us to find out whether the Cockney dialect changes over time in Guy Ritchie’s films. In studies on the topic of the English Cockney dialect, it was learned about the origin, meaning, grammatical, lexical, phonetic features of the Cockney dialect, about the variability of the Cockney dialect used in literature, in films and in everyday life. However, no one tried to compare the Cockney dialect represented in Guy Ritchie’s films. Therefore, we decided to trace the changes in the Cockney dialect in the films of the English director created in different periods of time. Thus, our research is new and unique.

The purpose of this work is to study the phonetic features of the Cockney dialect in Guy Ritchie’s film Gentlemen. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

— To consider the classification of English dialects in Britain.

— To find out what the cockney dialect is.

— To characterize the features of Cockney dialect used in Guy Ritchie film Gentlemen.

The object of my research is Guy Ritchie’s film «Gentlemen».

The subject of my research is the Cockney dialect used in film «Gentlemen».

Methods selected for the study:

Analysis of the literature on this topic.

Systematization of information about the Cockney dialect.

The research material is taken from the crime comedy of the famous British director and screenwriter Guy Ritchie «Gentlemen» («The Gentlemen»), made in 2020. This film is rich in dialogues, which allows us to consider the phonetic features of the studied dialect, in particular, Cockney.

The study consists of introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and the reference list of the works used.

The introduction presents the characteristics of the main parameters of the study: the relevance of the goal is formulated, the object, subject and methods of research are defined, its purpose and tasks defined are designated.

The theoretical segment deals with its definition, grammar and lexical features, its brief historical development and with the description of Cokney dialect. It also provides examples of the famous rhyming slang. The first chapter describes the history of the development of Cockney, phonetic, grammatical and semantic features.

The practical segment of the work analyzes the use of Cockney in modern culture on the example of cinema, literature and music. It deals with phonetic features of cockney dialect based of The Gentlemen by Guy Richie.

In the conclusion of the paper is drawing some results from the investigations made within the main part of my work.

Заключение:

Cockney – is dialect of the English language traditionally spoken by working-class Londoners. Cockney is also often used to refer to anyone from London, in particular, from its East End.

We analyzed and compared the available works of different people about the Cockney dialect. All works cover the history, meaning of the word, grammatical, lexical, phonetic features of the Cockney dialect, and the variability of the Cockney dialect. But none of the works encountered traces the dialect changes over time in Guy Ritchie’s films.

We learned that Cockney is a well-known dialect of London. Cockney is one of the most famous types of London folk language, mockingly named after the nickname of the London middle and lower strata of the population. The term itself is quite old – it was first found in literature back in 1362 in the «Plowman” William Langland. The term “cockney” translates as “cock’s egg». Later, this word came to mean people who were born and raised in cities. In the XVII century, the meaning of this word approached the modern one – this was the name of the inhabitants of London living in the City area.

The reason for the appearance of this dialect is mainly associated with confusing the police and visitors. These are mostly substitute phrases, the main feature of which is that they rhyme with the original words. Currently, an ordinary person can encounter the Cockney dialect in films, music, literature, so Cockney is not surprising. However, today it is more often used in puns.

Cockney is a separate full-fledged subsystem, with its own peculiarities of origin, characteristic features, vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation rules. According to the results of the study, it should be noted that the functioning of Cockney in modern culture is pronounced and constructive. In addition, it is obvious that the functioning of Cockney and its place in modern English culture must be considered in historical dynamics.

Фрагмент текста работы:

Chapter 1. Theoretical issues of the study of English dialects

1.1 The definition and classification of English territorial dialects

Today, English can be called a global language. It is spoken by approximately 1,500 million people. A number of historical, geographical and socio-cultural factors contributed to such a wide spread of the English language, the most significant of which are the colonization of the British Empire and the influence of the United States in world political and business life. English is not only the language of international communication, but also the state language for five countries — in fact, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Canada.

The British reached as far as Canada, The United States of America, Australia, India and parts of Africa among others. Thus, English is spoken in all those parts of the world, which, with time and the effect of contact with other languages has resulted into the development of several varieties of English. Among these varieties we find Canadian English, American English, Indian English, Singapore English and Caribbean English.

English is speaking and using in state office-work, literature and science, about 200 million people. It is one of the five official and working languages adopted by the UN, UNESCO, the world health organization, the official and working language of many international meetings and conferences.

Like any other languages, English has its own dialects. In addition to many national options, scientists have calculated that the dialects of the UK exist within the country in an amount of thirteen to four dozen, but this statistics is very inaccurate. According to research, on the territory of six counties in the North of the country found seventeen variants of pronunciation of the word “house”, which is to say about the more original expressions.

In addition, English meets the objectively existing need for a common language of international communication caused by the needs of international trade, business, diplomacy, security, mass communication, cultural exchange and other areas of international cooperation. However, there is a downside to the spread of one language around the world, which is it has lost its unity, thus forming a large number of options and dialects, each of which is different, first of all, phonetically. Analyzing the peculiarities of the language used by several national and state communities, Schweitzer noted that it is the territorial variation of the language that underlies its division into national variants, dialects and sub dialects.

The number of dialects varies from 13 to 42, but this is not an exact understated number, in fact, they are much more. More precisely, we can say so – in Britain there are as many dialects as hills and valleys. In the six Northern counties, only 17 pronunciation variants of the word «home» have been recorded.

English philologist and phonetician A. Ellis, identified the following language groups:

The northern dialect;

The Middle dialects;

The Eastern dialects;

The Western dialect;

the southern dialects;

the Scottish dialects;

Dialects of Ireland;

Generalizing the classification of A. Ellis, we can distinguish the dialects on which the majority of the UK population speaks [8, c.26-27]:

cokney is a term for a number of historical dialects of London’s neighborhoods and craft shops.

Scouse is dialect of the inhabitants of Liverpool.

Geordie is a dialect of the inhabitants of Northumberland, in particular, of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Lowland Scottish (равнинная Шотландия) — is also considered a separate

language (Lowland Scots).

Edinburgh (Эдинбург) is also considered a dialect of the language of the

lowland Scots, Belfast (Belfast), South Wales (South Wales).

Yolo is a dead language, separated from medieval English [5].