Содержание:

Introduction. 3

Chapter 1. Theoretical bases of research of marketing
features research in international markets. 4

1.1. The concept and essence of marketing research. 4

1.2. Specifics of marketing research on the international
market 8

Chapter 2.  Analysis
 of  the
features of marketing research on international markets  12

2.1. Features of the current stage of development of
international markets. 12

2.2. Characteristics of marketing research in the
international market 15

Chapter 3.
The possibility of using the characteristics of marketing research to promote
in the international market 18

3.1. Problems of marketing research organization at the
international level market 18

3.2. Prospects for using marketing research features for
promotion on the international market 21

Conclusion. 24

List of sources and literature. 25

Введение:

At the present stage of development of international
commercial relations and an increase in the number of participants in foreign
economic activity, the issues of concluding foreign trade contracts are of
practical importance. Lots of questions arise within carrying out foreign
trade. In particular: regarding the duration of the transaction, the
differences between the Russian legislation and the legislation of the country
of location of the organization of the counterparty, customs clearance of
goods. Despite many years of experience working with foreign partners, Russian
participants in foreign economic activity make mistakes and inaccuracies when
setting up the conditions for foreign trade contracts. The relevance of this
study is that the results obtained in it contribute to obtaining a more
holistic view of international trade processes. To researches of a contract as
a part of international trade are devoted studies of such researches as J.
Mill, F. Edgeout, D. Mead, A. Marshall, D. Ricardo, A. Smith, R. Vernon, M.
Porter and the others.

The subject of the study is model contracts. The aim
is to consider model contracts in the international trade. In accordance with
this aim the following tasks are set in the study:

− to consider main features of international
trade;

− to investigate types of foreign trade
documentation;

− to analyze contracts in commercial operations
within international trade;

− to investigate trading-intermediary
operations in the world market;

− to analyze the concept and types of trade
agreements within contracts;

− to consider basic conditions of contracts
interrelated.

Within writing the study there will be used such
theoretical methods as analogy, classification, analysis and generalization.
The study consists from introduction, two chapters, conclusion and references.

Заключение:

Thus,
international trade is the exchange of goods and services between
state-national economies. World trade is a collection of foreign trade of all
countries of the world. Model contracts are used mainly in transactions for the
supply of industrial raw materials on a long-term basis, as well as in
transactions on stock exchanges.

This is due
to such a feature of mass goods as their homogeneity, which facilitates the
unification of conditions of contracts. It is also important that these goods
are traded on a large scale, and importers are usually united in industry
organizations. A model contract is a contract that serves as the basis for
negotiations on the conclusion of a foreign trade transaction. It may be
amended or supplemented by parties. Model contract can be used in two ways: by
unconditional acceptance by one of the contracting parties of the terms of the
final form of the standard contract proposed by the other party, which does not
change, except for minor details and by applying a model contract as a model,
which can be modified in accordance with the terms of a particular transaction.

Most often
such a contract developed by one of the counterparties is taken as a model and
on the basis of it, by agreeing on each condition, an individual contract is
developed, which is signed by the parties. Model contracts are developed by
interested international organizations, unions of entrepreneurs, stock
exchanges, chambers of commerce, large firms. The most common model contracts
with general conditions of sale and purchase was developed in the framework of
the UN Economic Commission for Europe. They are drawn up in relation to the
main foreign trade goods, as well as for contracts for the supply and
installation of equipment. There are more than 30 variants of standard
contracts.

Thus the aim
settled in the work is achieved and the tasks are fulfilled. Were considered
the main features of international trade and types of foreign trade
documentation.

Фрагмент текста работы:

Chapter 1. Theoretical bases of
research of marketing features research in international markets

1.1. The concept and essence of
marketing research

International
trade is a sphere of international trade and money relations, a specific form
of exchange of products of labor (goods and services) between sellers and
buyers of different countries. International trade is a collection of foreign
trade of all countries of the world. At the same time, trade of individual
states and regions is an integral element of international trade.^[1]

International
trade differs from domestic trade in that:

1) resources
at the international level are less mobile than within the country;

2) each
country has its own currency;

3)
international trade has more influence from political control.

As it is
known, the world trade consists of export and import. Export of goods means
that they are sold on the foreign market. The economic efficiency of exports is
determined by the fact that this country exports the products, the production
costs of which are lower than the world. The size of the gain depends on the
ratio of national and world prices of the product.

Within
import of goods the country purchases goods, the production of which is
currently economically unprofitable. The economic efficiency of imports is the
economic gain that a country receives because of the rapid satisfaction of its
needs for certain goods due to imports and the release of resources spent on
the production of such goods within the country. The total amount of exports
and imports is the foreign trade turnover of this country with foreign
countries.

There are a
number of indicators characterizing the country’s activity in the world trade:

1. Export
quota — the ratio of the volume of exported goods and services to GDP / GNP; at
the industry level, this is the share of goods and services exported by the
industry in their total volume. It characterizes the degree of inclusion of the
country in foreign economic relations.

2. Export
potential is the share of products that a certain country can sell on the world
market without detriment to its own economy.

3. Export
structure — the ratio or share of exported goods by type and degree of their
processing. The structure of exports allows you to highlight the raw material
or machine-technological orientation of exports, to determine the role of the
country in the international sectoral specialization.

Thus, the
high proportion of products of the processing industries in the country’s
exports, as a rule, indicates a high scientific, technical and production level
of the industries whose products are exported.

4. The
structure of imports, especially the ratio of the volume of imported into the
country of raw materials and finished end products. This indicator most
accurately reflects the dependence of the country’s economy on the external
market and the level of development of branches of the national economy.

5.
Comparative ratio of a country’s share in world GDP / GNP production and its
share in world trade. So, if a country’s share in the global production of any
type of product is 10%, and its share in international trade in this product is
1-2%, then this may mean a discrepancy between the goods produced and the world
level of quality as a result of the low level of development of this industry.

6. The
volume of exports per capita characterizes the degree of openness of the
economy of a given state.

Considering
this type of trade within historical changeability it should be noted that in
the pre-industrial era and in the early stages of the industrialization of the
leading countries of the world, products of agriculture, mining and textile
products (2/3 of world trade) prevailed in international turnover. Raw
materials and foodstuffs were exported from agrarian countries, finished goods,
mainly consumer goods, from industrialized countries. In such conditions the
competitive position of a country and its possibilities in the international
division of labor were determined by its natural resources: land, mineral
resources, and climatic conditions. Later, with the transition of advanced
countries to machine production, finished products began to play a leading role
in world trade. Competition challenges manufacturers to constantly update
production technology, reduce its costs and improve consumer properties of
products. The share of manufactured goods increased from 1/3 to 3/4.^[2]