Курсовая с практикой на тему Metaphors and epithets in the novel «the picture of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

1. STYLISTICS AS A
BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS. FUNCTIONAL STYLES. 5

1.1 The Essence of
Metaphor and Epithet as Stylistic devices. 5

1.1.1
Classification of Metaphors. 6

1.1.2
Classification of Epithets. 11

1.1.3 Strategies
for Translating Epithets and Metaphors. 15

1.1 Author’s Style as a Linguistic Problem.. 17

1.2.1 Literary
Style: Key Features. 17

CHAPTER 1. —
Summary of Results. 21

2. THE PECULIARITIES OF O. WILDE’S STYLE.. 22

2.1 Role of
Epithets and Metaphors in O. Wilde’s Author’s Style. 22

2.2 Analysis of
Epithets in O. Wilde’s Novel “the Picture of Dorian Gray”. 23

2.3 Analysis of
Metaphors in O. Wilde’s Novel “the Picture of Dorian Gray”. 29

CHAPTER 2. —
Summary of Results. 34

CONCLUSION.. 36

REFERENCES. 38

Введение:

The author’s
style of a writer serves as a reflection of his creative potential, it
manifests itself both in the style of his / her literary text, as well as in
the selection and unique organization of various language means along with
stylistic devices, and in the characteristic way of presenting textual
material. The author’s style is characterized by the use of various stylistic
devices and expressive language means, which add richness, depth and expressiveness
to the literary texts. Metaphors and epithets demonstrate the most vivid
expressive potential. The
relevance of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the use of
various stylistic devices allows one to consider the features of the author’s
style. Epithets and metaphors provide the expressiveness of a literary work,
allowing the formation of integral images and the full realization of the
author’s intentions within the particular text. Their expressive potential is
clearly seen in the works of Oscar Wilde. His author’s style is replete with
paradoxes, the depth of figurativeness, which is expressed precisely in the
widespread use of the most common stylistic devices — epithets and metaphors. The objective of the study is to
identify the role of metaphors and epithets in the author’s style of O. Wilde
on the material of the novel "the Picture of Dorian Gray". The set objective implies the
solution of the following tasks: Consider the features of epithets and metaphors in linguistic research;
Consider the characteristic features of the literary style;
Designate the features of the phenomenon of the author’s style;
Describe the features of the author’s style of Oscar Wilde;
Analyze epithets and metaphors in the formation of images in O. Wilde’s novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray". The
object of the study is stylistic devices and their role in the author’s
style of Oscar Wilde. The
subject of the study is epithets and metaphors and their role in creating
images in the literary space of O. Wilde’s novel "the Picture of Dorian
Gray". The study source is O. Wilde’s novel
"The Picture of Dorian Gray". The
material is the example of the use of epithets and metaphors in O. Wilde’s
novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray". The
research methodology
includes such methods as the continuous sampling, methods of systematization
and classification, descriptive method. The authors who have studied the
issues relevant to this study can be divided into the following groups: The study of stylistics, metaphors and epithets: N.D. Arutyunova, O.S. Akhmanova, I.R. Galperin, V.M. Zhirmunsky, O.E. Karachin, V.P. Moskvin, D.E. Rosenthal, A.P. Chudinov and others.
The study of the author’s style: A.F. Ashimova, N.S. Bolotnova, V.V. Vinogradov, V.V. Voskoboynikov, A.I. Grishchenko, S.T. Zolyan, R.N. Kuimov, V.V. Ledeneva, V.A. Pishchalnikova, E.V. Starkov, Yu.N. Yurina and others. The theoretical significance of the
study lies in the fact that it represents a theoretical basis for the
subsequent study of O. Wilde’s idiostyle and the assessment of its imagery
through the prism of using epithets and metaphors in the literary space of the
novel "the Picture of Dorian Gray". The practical significance of the
study lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in analyzing the
style of English literary texts, in the analysis of the author’s style of Oscar
Wilde. The point is both the preparation of research papers and the use of the
materials of this study in teaching students. This
study consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of
references and appendix. The first chapter discusses the theoretical aspects of
the study, the second chapter analyzes examples of the use of metaphors and
epithets in the source text. The first chapter considers the
theoretical issues of the research made. The research problems considered are
as follows: stylistic devices, metaphors, epithets, the issues related to the
translation of stylistic features of the texts, as well as the problems
connected with the author’s style and its role in literature studies and
linguistics. The second chapter is the practical
analysis of epithets and metaphors in the novel by O. Wilde “the Picture of
Dorian Gray”, their functions and thematic groups. The crucial part of the
practical chapter is the quantitative analysis that allows for the conclusions
relating to the productivity of the given functions of the stylistic devices
considered.

Заключение:

To sum up,
the essence of metaphor as a stylistic device consists in correlating two
objects from different spheres on the basis of a similar feature, establishing
associative links, which entails an increase in the figurative potential of
language and speech. It is important to note the complexity of the relationship
between linguistic and speech metaphors in the language system. Having
similarities among themselves, which consists in semantic features, that is, in
the transfer of characteristics from one subject to another on the basis of
obvious similarities, they are characterized by many differences, the reasons
for which lie both in stylistic compatibility and in contextual connotations. An epithet is a lexical-semantic
stylistic device aimed at expressing an expressive-figurative, evaluative
definition of an object of reality, functioning in space artistic discourse. An
epithet is characterized by three main characteristics: features of semantics,
syntactic function and methods of morphological and syntactic expression, which
are necessary and sufficient to separate the epithet from other stylistic
devices and determine its place in the general system of expressive means of
the language. The main stylistic function of the epithet is to identify the
individual-evaluative attitude of the author to the subject being determined. Literary translation is a special
part of translation as such texts imply the translation of not only the texts
themselves but also the accounting for the relevant culture, epoch and the
author’s style. The key problem for translators working with literary text is
not the meaning of the linguistic units but the re-expression of the whole set
of aesthetics of the text and thus the atmosphere created by the author of the
original text. The application of translation transformations is the most
productive means for translating stylistic features of the original text. The author’s style is a relatively
recently formed term in the framework of literary criticism and stylistics. It
reflects the stylistic and expressive features of the writer’s speech,
emphasizing his individuality in terms of expression. The author’s style is a
set of linguistic and stylistic devices that are used to express the aesthetic
nature of the text, to achieve the author’s intention of the writer. Through
the author’s style, the reader is conveyed an individual author’s picture of
the world, taking into account the characteristics of the era and the broader
context of writing a literary text. The role of metaphors and epithets
in the author’s style of Oscar Wilde is difficult to overestimate. They are
used to express a wide range of artistic images reflecting the author’s style
and author’s intention of the writer. Moreover, it is precisely through these
stylistic devices that the paradoxes characteristic of the author’s style of
the writer are transmitted. These are widely used alongside with paradoxes and
sarcasm typical for O. Wilde’s narration and make significant additions to the
images created. The performed analysis of the source
text made it possible to come to the point that both associated and
non-associated epithets contribute to the formation of vivid images that
reflect the features of the appearance of the characters, their manners, as
well as the motivation for performing actions. Moreover, epithets create vivid
pictures that form the narrative itself, the plot, taking into account the
author’s intention and features of Oscar Wilde’s author’s style. The analysis has also showed that
due to metaphors, the stylistic expressiveness and expressiveness of the
literary text are significantly increased. The images of the characters become
brighter, deeper and more accessible to readers, descriptions of the general
atmosphere and conditions for the development of the plot also contribute to a
more holistic and detailed perception of the author’s intention in the novel. According to quantitative analysis,
the most common function of epithets in the source text was the expression of
emotional semantics, that significantly influences the vividness and
expressiveness of the literary text considered. Both functions of epithets are
widely applied by Oscar Wilde, thus proving the crucial role of the device in
literary texts. Non-associated epithets mainly function as the ones that
express the personal attitude, as these are mainly referring to Oscar Wilde’s
writing style. As for metaphors, the most
productive function was the figurative one, as it also directly influences the
expressive potential of the source text. The figurative function is the most
common for most of the categories of metaphors. This is due to the fact that
this function is most typical for fiction text as it allows to increase the
expressiveness and stylistic brightness of the text in general. All in all, the analysis of the role
of metaphors and epithets in a literary text taking into account the expressive
layer of the language, it a crucial research problem. The research has figured
out that these stylistic devices are the unalienable part of O. Wilde’s
author’s style. Furthermore, these demonstrate the very essence of the
stylistics of O. Wilde, as well as the aesthetics present in the writer’s
literary works. Such an analysis makes a contribution in studying the features
of the author’s style and is the base for a further deeper research of the
problem taking into account the functions of these stylistic devices, as well
as the images creating applying both metaphors and epithets.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. STYLISTICS AS A BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS.
FUNCTIONAL STYLES 1.1 The Essence of Metaphor and Epithet as
Stylistic devices Speaking
about metaphors and epithets, it is required to consider stylistics. Stylistics
is a branch of linguistics that analyzes the styles of speech, stylistic
devices and expressive means of the language in the broadest sense of their use
[62]. In the framework of this study, special attention is paid to the special
use of stylistic devices, it is important to take them into account in more
detail in terms of the existing research.

I.R.
Galperin calls stylistic devices a conscious strengthening of a
structural or semantic component characteristic of the language and style,
which has reached a certain degree of generalization, thus becoming a specific
generative stylistic model [15]. In fact, as a differential feature of a
stylistic device, one can designate a clear intention or purposefulness of
using a specific component in the language system.

I.V.
Arnold points out that the stylistic device is "the typification of
this or that poetic turn, and not its purposefulness." In addition, the
researcher emphasizes that, in general, stylistic devices are used in order to
increase the level of expressiveness of speech, the level of its emotionality
[1].

Stylistic
devices are differentiated by the language levels at which these exist –
phonetical (alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance), lexical (metaphor, epithet,
metonymy, hyperbole, litotes, personification, etc.) and syntactic (climax,
parallelism, antithesis, anaphora, epiphora, rhetoric constructions, etc.)
ones. All of them have their specific features of usage in the text as they
have various types and degrees of expressiveness that directly impacts the
functional and stylistic features of the texts. So, some devices are not
appropriate in the given categories of texts as these may make the text too
vivid or stylistically irrelevant.

Stylistics plays an important role in the
field of linguistic research. The study of related problems ensures the
expressiveness of the language, emphasizes the expressive potential of speech
and language, which manifests itself in a variety of functional styles.
Functional styles are the important part of stylistic research as these allow
to classify all the existing texts in terms of their stylistics. Furthermore,
some functional styles, such as media texts or literary works, imply the
presence of a plenty of stylistic devices to make the texts more expressive and
brightly imaged. At the same time, other functional styles do not imply the
presence of a greater amount of stylistic devices as these are not appropriate
and are not typical for the texts of such kind.

 The crucial importance of stylistics is due to
the fact that it is presented in the texts of various functional styles: in
media, in literature, etc. This research is focused on the role of stylistic
devices (limited by metaphors and epithets) in classic English literature.