Курсовая с практикой на тему Infinitive and infinitive constructions in A.K. Doyle’s play ‘Sherlock Holmes’

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1. INFINITIVE AND INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN
ENGLISH.. 5

1.1 Role and Functions of the
Infinitive in English. 5

1.2 English Infinitive Constructions:
Key Characteristics. 9

1.3 Categorial and Morphological
Peculiarities of English Infinitive Constructions. 13

Summary. 18

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF INFINITIVES AND INFINITIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS IN A.K. DOYLE’S PLAY ‘SHERLOCK HOLMES’ 19

2.1 English Infinitive and Infinitive
Constructions in the Functions of Subject and Predicate. ………………………………………………………………………………………….19

2.2 English Infinitive and Infinitive
Constructions in the Function of Object 21

2.3 English Infinitive and Infinitive
Constructions in the Function of Attributes and Adverbal Modifiers  25

2.4 English Infinitive and Infinitive
Constructions in the Function of Complex Object and Complex Subject 27

Summary. 28

CONCLUSION.. 30

REFERENCES. 32

APPENDIX.. 37

Введение:

Within the grammar
structure of a language, infinitives act as the verb forms that have several
functions which are much broader than these of an ordinary verb. Infinitives
may indicate actions not pointing to acting person and, and in terms of the syntactic
functions performed, they may describe actions. In English grammar, the
application of the infinitive and infinitive constructions is widespread,
therefore, the study of their functioning in the text allows drawing
conclusions about the structure and style of the English language.

The relevance of the research can be explained by the
fact that for English grammar infinitive and infinitive constructions are of
great importance. They play a crucial role in English syntax, making the
structure of sentences specific to the English language. The analysis of the
functioning of infinitives in the texts is relevant as this allows for the
proper examination of English grammar. Furthermore, such an analysis
encompassing the features of English infinitives, their semantic role and the
place and function in the English syntax is the essence of the holistic
approach to the problem in English. The object of this research is the infinitive
and infinitive constructions in English.

The subject of this research is the structural,
syntactic and semantic features of the use of the infinitive and infinitive
constructions in English. The objective of this research is to identify
the functions and the characteristic syntactic, semantic and structural
features of the English infinitive and infinitive constructions based on the
material of English literature. The set purpose implies the solution of the following tasks:

1. Determine
the role and functions of infinitive in English;

2. Figure
out the key characteristics of English infinitive constructions;

3. Figure
out the categorial and morphological peculiarities of English infinitive
constructions;

4. Analyze
the peculiarities of infinitive and infinitive constructions in the source
text.

The research source is the paly “Sherlock Holmes” by A.K. Doyle.

The research is based on the work of such scientists as I.V.
Arnold, O. N. Baklashkina, L.S. Barkhudarov, R.A. Budagov, V.P. Danilenko, O.
N. Zhuravleva, V.L. Kaushanskaya, V.Yu. Koprov, N.I. Korobkina, A.V. Kuklina,
Yu.A. Levitsky, I.N. Mikhailovskaya, S.E. Molchanova, S.S. Petina, A. Yu.
Sokolova, E.F. Yaroslavtseva, S. Greenbaum, L. Murray, G. Sweet and others.

The methodological base of the research includes the following
methods:

1. Analysis
and synthesis when working with relevant scientific literature;

2. The
method of semantic and syntactic analysis, the method of sampling, the method
of structural and functional analysis when working with source texts.

3. Descriptive
and comparative method when working with the corpus of examples of infinitive
and infinitive constructions.

The theoretical significance of the research can be explained by
the idea that this paper deepens and broadens the investigation of the problems
connected with the functions and structure of English infinitives. Furthermore,
in terms of the research made, it’s possible to specify the typical
characteristics of English infinitives in the English.

The practical significance of the research can be demonstrated by
the point that the results gained while examining the problem have a huge
potential for application. For instance, these may be used within practical
work in studying English grammar, preparing coursework and final qualification
works, and elaborating specific educational materials regarding the themes
connected with English infinitive.

The structure of the research is determined by the set purpose
and objectives. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a
conclusion, a list of references.

Заключение:

To sum up the
research made, it’s crucial to mention that the organizing center of the
infinite construction is the infinite verb and other non-personal verbs forms.
The entire infinite construction is part of a simple sentence and performs in
relation to a simple sentence the role of a subject, object, adverb of place,
tense, reason, purpose, mode of action. It’s also important to figure out
that the infinitive constructs are the key example of
language economy and compression. The phenomenon of language compression in
English is an essential factor in the effective functioning of the language.
Language compression in the context of the implementation of the principle of
language economy is designed to reduce the amount of text without losing its
meaning. Furthermore, infinitive
constructions are a fairly widely used grammatical structure in the system of
English syntax. In part, their popularity is due to the effectiveness of
language compression, in part — to the peculiarities of the very structure of constructing
sentences in English. One way or another, these constructions are typical of
the English language. Within the analysis of the source
text, the key characteristics of English infinitives and infinitive
constructions have been considered. The fact that English infinitives can be
used as subjects in English sentences indicates the vast syntactic potential of
these structures. The features of the use of the
infinitive as a predicate in the source text were revealed as well: these
lexical units are used as part of a complex predicate, in accordance with the
rules of the English language. In particular, the key point is the use of
infinitives with modal structures and other syntactic constructions with a
stable structure. The analysis made showed that the
infinitive in the object function is often used when expressing orders and
requests, while conveying the semantics of a specific action being performed. Furthermore,
by using the infinitive in the object function, the syntactic structure of the
sentences remains simple, which ensures that the principles of language economy
characteristic of the English language are followed. The fact that infinitives
may act as an object in an English sentence, indicates the huge syntactic
potential of these constructions in the English language. The analysis proved that the use of
infinitives in the attribute function allows avoiding syntactic redundancy,
does not allow the formation of subordinate clauses while fully preserving the
semantics and purpose of the statement. The features of using infinitives in
the adverbal modifier function were considered as well. The analysis showed
that these constructions syntactically provide language economy and do not
allow lexical redundancy in the text, which is important for the colloquial
speech of the characters in the story. Semantic analysis showed that most often
infinitives in the function of circumstance indicate the purpose of the action,
denote cause-and-effect relationships. The Complex Subject construction is
widespread in the English language. It is a vivid example of following the
principles of language economy in the syntactic structure of the language,
which is also reflected in the examples considered during the analysis. The
tense category of the used infinitives and their semantics within the Complex
Subject is the key information about the actions described in the sentences. The quantitative analysis performed
demonstrated the high productivity of infinitives mostly in the functions of an
object and a predicate. This is due to the syntactic structure of the English
language and its grammatical norms. All in all, the research of English
infinitives based on the classical literature source allows for getting the
results that are relevant to the relevant situation in the system of the
English grammar. Infinitives are undoubtedly a crucial part of English Grammar
as they allow for the correspondence to the principle of language economy. This
is especially important in terms of colloquial speech and statements pronounced
by the characters of the play analyzed.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. INFINITIVE AND INFINITIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH 1.1  Role and Functions of the Infinitive in English Within the structure of any
language, a sentence is considered the minimum possible communicative unit.
Sentences are used to provide the data regarding reality or a specific fact, to
demonstrate the personal attitude to some problem with emotions and assessments,
to pose necessary questions, etc. The sentence structure
is always under the certain rules of grammar, specific for the particular
language. A sentence is always characterized by its predicativity, semantic
completeness and intonation. The quality of predicativity allows to distinguish
a sentence from words and phrases within the structure of any language, thus
making sentences a special syntactic category [61]. According to V. V. Vinogradov, the
phenomenon of predicativity, inherent for sentences in the grammar of any
language, implies the fact of relevance to reality of the data that are
provided by the particular sentence [Vinogradov 2011]. At the same time, the
researcher Y. A. Levitsky states that predicativity should be considered the
fact of the presence of a predicate within the syntactic structure of the
particular sentence [33]. V. Yu. Koprov gives the following
definition of the concept: “predicativity is a common global logical property
of any statement expressed by any sentence. Predicativity is not a grammatical
fact, it manifests itself in the meaning of truth or falsity" 27, p. 87]. According to
the point of view if Yu. A. Levitsky, the grammatical phenomenon of predicativity
is inherent not only to sentence as structural language units, but to phrases
as well. He indicates that predicativity is capable of expressing the fact of
the reality and thus can be provided by any language unit that may provide
denotations [34]. The other important point to mention
is additional predicativity. This grammatical phenomenon has been elaborated by
linguists in terms of developing the problems of semantic syntax. Additional
predicativity characterize the dependency between the syntax of the particular
sentence and its semantics [57]. At the same time, implicit
predicativity is applied by linguists to distinguish sentences as specific
language units from other grammar structures that may be complex by semantics
but simple by structure [43]. At the syntagmatic level, a sentence
that contains a secondary predication is a simple sentence, since it contains
only one main predicate. Still, researchers mention that the paradigmatic
features of these grammar structures have much in common with complex
sentences. This is due to the point that they have implicit predicative
connections [42].