Курсовая с практикой на тему Этимология идиом и фразеологических оборотов

Содержание:

Basic
terms of Phraseology. 3

A
research on English Idioms in Contemporary Science. 10

Etymology
of idioms and phraseological expressions. 18

Conclusion. 23

List
of references. 24

Введение:

The article discusses the etymology
of English idioms. This reveals the concept of this phenomenon and its
reflection in the English language. He explores the area of ​​this concept
defines the meaning of the idiom and the meaning of the term
"Etymology" and the origin of English idioms.

Idioms social and cultural
phenomena, reflecting the socio-psychological characteristics of behavior,
refer to communicative human behavior, implying the norms, rules and traditions
of communication of a particular linguocultural community. One of the most
important aspect in learning English is learning English idioms. In any
language there are expressions in which the individual words that make up this
expression lose their original meaning. Everyone strives to express ideas and
thoughts expressively, and this is impossible without the idioms that are
present in every language of the world. They strengthen speech and improve
understanding of the cultural norms of the community.

This article is undoubtedly
relevant, as it contains idioms of modern English that reveal the beauty of the
language. And great importance is attached to the etymology of the origin of
idioms, since it is easier to learn and understand the idiom if you know its
origin.

The purpose of this work is
to study the etymology of idioms and phraseological turns.

In
connection with the goal, the following tasks were derived:

1. Consider the phenomenon of phraseology in
modern linguistics.

2. To study the etymology of
idioms and phraseological turns in modern English.

3. Review research on English
idioms in modern science

The object of this study is
the idioms of the English language, and the subject is their etymology.

Заключение:

The English language has a
long history. Over the centuries, he accumulated a large number of idiomatic
expressions that were once uttered by someone, and people liked them and were
fixed in the language, were successful, well-aimed and beautiful. And later a
special layer of language appeared — phraseology, a set of fixed expressions
with their special meaning. The range of areas of all idioms are varied and
wide. Frequently used idioms, whether they consist of historical fact or they
are built on natural themes, in any case, all idioms are in the perspective of
research in fiction.

Undoubtedly, knowing the
origins of idioms can greatly help in learning idioms faster. Thus, the
prospect of our further research is the analysis of previously identified groups
of idioms in British and American fiction.

Researchers have noted a
significant number of idioms with dark histories. There are many such idioms
among common religious phraseology.

Color metaphors are very
common in English phraseology, and color associations can be combined with
other themes.

The examples considered show
how closely the origin of the idiom and its meaning are connected. It is the
etymology that can fully reveal the essence of the idiom.

Фрагмент текста работы:

Basic terms of Phraseology

Let’s consider several of
the most important grammatical and lexical aspects of phraseology that are
necessary for its study.

The main characteristics of
word groups are lexical valence and grammatical valence. Words are used in a
specific lexical context, that is, in combination with other words. For
example, the noun "question" is often combined with such adjectives
as vital, persistent, urgent, etc., this noun is part of other word groups. For
example, raise a question (do not raise the question of the hour) The ability
(readiness) of a word to appear in various combinations is described as its
lexical valence. The range of lexical valency of words is limited by the
internal structure of English words. Thus, "lift" and
"lift" are synonymous, but only the first is combined with a noun.
Words that are usually collocative in speech tend to form clichés. Lexical
valence in different languages ​​is not identical, because it depends on the
internal structure of the vocabulary. For example, both E. "flower"
and R. "flower" can be combined with a number of similar words
(garden flowers / hot house flowers — garden flowers / greenhouse flowers). But
"pot flowers" — "indoor flowers".

The lexical meaning of a
vocabulary group can be defined as the combined lexical meaning of its
constituent members. But the term combined lexical meaning does not mean that
the meaning of a group of words is always a simple additive result of all the
lexical meanings of the constituent words. As a rule, the meanings of the
constituent words are interdependent, and the meaning of the phrase naturally
prevails over the lexical meaning of the constituents. Interdependence is
clearly visible in word groups consisting of polysemantic words. In the phrases
"blind" and "blind type" the words "blind" have
different meanings.

Groups of words can be called lexically
motivated if the combined lexical meaning of the group is derived from the
meaning of the components. All types of phrases are fully motivated.
Unmotivated groups of words are called phraseological units or idioms.

The criteria of stability and lack of motivation
are denoted in the linguistic literature by the word idiomatic. Phraseological
units are defined as unmotivated groups of words that cannot be freely composed
in speech, but are reproduced as ready-made units. Another essential feature of
phraseological units is the stability of lexical components and grammatical
structure.

Despite the interest shown in
linguoculturological research, many questions still remain debatable: the lack
of unambiguous definitions, the weakness of the methodological base, the need
to describe the phenomena of culture reflected in language and speech, which
are unique and universal for representatives of the peoples of the world. The
study of the synergy of language and culture, the linguistic categorization of
objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, which reveals connotations and
associations that are relevant for native speakers, remains a topical area of
research. In the context of a "global village" and, as a consequence,
the need for an adequate understanding of the mentality of the peoples of the
Earth, much attention is paid to the contrastive analysis of different
languages using the possibility of the reflection function Professional
realities and universal opportunities in the languages of various ethnic
groups.

It is important to distinguish idioms among
other figurative units.

An idiom is an expression that conveys something
other than its literal meaning, and which cannot be guessed from the meanings
of individual words. "Between a rock and a hard place" is an idiom
meaning "in a difficult or bad situation and there is no good way to get
out of it." Idiom differs from speech in that its non-letter meaning is
already familiar to native speakers.

A figure of speech is a phrase or expression
that expresses an idea using words in a non-literal and figurative way. Unlike
an idiom, you can understand a figure of speech even if you’ve never heard it
before. Metaphors and comparisons are figures of speech.