Курсовая с практикой на тему Доминирование сильных начальных слогов в английском языке на материале речи президента США Джо Байдена от 11.01.22 в Атланте The dominance of strong initial syllables in English in US President Joe Biden’s speech of 11.01.22 in Atlanta

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 4

CHAPTER 1.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SYLLABLE AND SYLLABLE DIVISION.. 6

1.1 The concept of the syllable, the
main theories of the syllable. 6

1.2 Types of syllables in English. 9

1.3 Basic rules of syllable division
in English. 10

1.4 Types of stress, its function. 13

1.5 Summary of the Results. 16

CHAPTER
2.  PECULIARITIES OF DOMINANCE OF STRONG
INITIAL SYLLABLES IN ENGLISH.. 17

2.1 The role of stress in the speech
of politicians. 17

2.2 Strong initial syllables features
in US President Joe Biden’s speech of 11.01.22 in Atlanta. 22

2.3 Summary of the Results. 28

CONCLUSION.. 29

REFERENCES. 31

Введение:

This work is devoted to
the study of the peculiarities of the dominance of strong initial syllables in
the English language on the example of the speech of US President Joe Biden.
This is one of the interesting intonation features of the English language,
which directly affects the recipients perception of the text and its accents.
This topic is of interest not only from a philological and phonetic point of
view in particular, but also because of its obvious sociopsychological element
that determines the attitude to the text.

The relevance of this scientific research is
due to the need to identify and then study in detail the influence of dominant
strong syllables in speech on its perception and the features of their use.

The object of this study is the initial
strong syllables in English.

The subject of this study are peculiarities
of the dominance of initial strong syllables in the English language.

The problem of the study is to find out
whether strong initial syllables and intonations are really a tool for
influencing the listener in political discourse.

The purpose of this study is to define the
peculiarities of the dominance of strong initial syllables in the English
language.

In accordance with
this goal, the following tasks should
be solved:

1. To study the
concept of a syllable and its varieties;

2. Learn the basic
rules of syllable division in English;

3. Consider the
phenomenon of stress and its function;

4. To identify the
role of accents and stress in the speech of politicians;

5. Consider the
function of the initial strong syllables in the speech of US President Joe
Biden in Atlanta.

The theoretical significance of the research
lies in the collection, analysis and structuring of theoretical material and
its addition.

The practical significance lies in the fact
that the results of the study can be used in the development of educational
literature on phonetics, as well as material for subsequent research in the
phonetic features of political discourse.

The theoretical basis of the research was the
works of such scientists as M.V. Davydov, V.V. Evstifeeva, H. Edwards, E.C. Fudge.

The novelty of the topic: quite a few
studies have been written on this topic, especially in Russian. The main focus
of them is on the theory of syllable. Researches on the political part of the issue
were conducted without reference to the dominance of initial syllables.

The study consists of an introduction, two
chapters, conclusions by chapters, conclusion, list of references.

The introduction
substantiates the choice of the topic and its relevance, formulates the goals
and objectives of the work.

The first chapter
reveals the definition of the concept of syllable, its classification, features
of division, types of stress and its function.

The second chapter is
devoted to the peculiarities of the functioning of strong initial syllables in
the speeches of politicians and their consideration on the material of the
speech of US President Joe Biden.

In conclusion, the
results of the study are summarized and the main conclusions are formulated.

Заключение:

This study was
dedicated to the concept of the syllable, the main theories of the syllable;
types of syllables in English and basic rules of syllable division in English
were described, as well as types of stress and its function.

A syllable is a unit
of the language. Its main peculiarity is that it is the smallest unit with a
certain function. One syllable consists of a chain of phonemes, but there are
no rules about their length. The syllable should have at least one constituent,
a vowel; but as usual it is a vowel and a consonant. Syllables follow the rules
of a particular language. The English language possesses a great variety of
syllables types.

Stress is the degree
of emphasis given a sound or syllable in speech. It is also called
‘lexical stress’ or ‘word stress’. The term “stress” doesn’t get definition in
linguistic, but usually “stress” means that a vowel pronounced with the greater
degree of force. The syllable can be stressed or unstressed; strong and weak.
Stressed syllable is always strong, with the exception of the vowel /ə/ which is always weak. The syllable is also weak
when it has the close front unrounded vowel /i/; when it has the close back
rounded vowel /u/; when it has a syllabic consonant /m, n, ŋ, l ̩ r/ and when
it ends with the short vowel /ɪ/ and the next syllable starts with a consonant.
There is also a sentence stress.

Researchers
have been studying public speeches for a long time, which led to the emergence
of such a science as ‘political rhetoric’. Political speeches are an easy way
to gain support; however, a politician is not allowed to make semantic or any
other mistakes in speech. In general, the public speech of a prominent politician
should be clear and understandable. Moreover, every politician should pay
attention to the way he or her speaks and use proper rhetorical devices to make
the speech more encouraging. The public
speech of a politician should be rhythmical and measured. The rhythm of
political speech should be different from the rhythm of spontaneous speech. The
rhythm of spontaneous speech is not regular; it is complex and includes pauses.
The public speech of a politician should have
rhythm; it can’t be sloppy and full of pauses. Rhythmical political speech
has a great effect on its listeners as they subconsciously perceive it as
spectacular.

The public speech Remarks
by President Biden on Protecting the Right to Vote
was made at the Atlanta University Center Consortium in 2022 when Mr.
President defeated the right to vote. The study on this speech
provided evidence that Jo Biden choose words with strong initial syllables
(syllables containing a full vowel). Research in frequency of words occurrence
reveals that words beginning with strong initial syllables occurs much more
often than words beginning with weak initial syllables. Approximately 90% of
lexical words in this speech were found to begin with strong initial syllables.
This emphasizes the rhythm of speech and gives it dynamism.

The public speech of a politician should be rhythmical and measured. Political
speech, if there is a rhythm in it, affects the listeners emotionally, showing
that the politician is prepared for the speech; well-known politicians pay
special attention to the stress and speak in such a way that there is a rhythm
in their speech. The phenomenon of the dominance of strong initial syllables in
English in political speech can be useful to know.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SYLLABLE AND SYLLABLE DIVISION

1.1 The concept of the syllable, the main theories of
the syllable

Syllable theory is one of the most confusing problems
in modern linguistics, as it has many interpretations and often mutually
exclusive approaches. By itself, a syllable is a minimal phonetic-phonological
unit with a characteristic of acoustic-articulatory connection between
elements, usually not affecting the semantic component.

From the point of view of linguistics, the syllable is
interpreted in two ways.

Physiologically, a syllable is a sound or a
combination of sounds that, when processed by the human speech apparatus,
create a single continuous push of exhaled air. In acoustic terms, a syllable
is understood as a segment of speech that stands out among others in terms of
sonority [10, p. 163].

Nevertheless, despite the apparent simplicity,
throughout the history of the study of the syllable, researchers have faced
problems with its effective definition. Let’s consider the Russian linguistics
and attempts to determine the syllable since the study of L.V. Shcherba in
1943.

Thus, L.V. Shcherba, continuing the research of V.K.
Trediakovsky, which began almost two centuries ago, writes that syllable theory
is the most difficult phonetic concept to define from a scientific point of
view. He reflects that the conscious selection of a syllable was the previous
step before the conscious selection of sound, and the auditory impression of
the disintegration of speech into syllables is explained by successive
attenuations and amplifications in the sound stream. Also, in his opinion, the
number of syllables is characteristic of individual features of the word and
its forms, and errors in their definition affect the recognition of the word [14,
p. 160].

In addition, L.V. Shcherba also proposed to perceive
syllables through the prism of his theory of pulsation: in other words, as
segments of speech corresponding to alternations of pumping and discharging the
muscular tension of the speech apparatus during pronunciation.

His research was supported by A.A. Reformatsky. In his
theories, he described a syllable as a part of a beat consisting of one or more
sounds, and not each of which can be syllabic. He supported his versions with
descriptions and classifications of sounds according to sonority and
fricativity, thereby referring his definition to the category of a vocal
phenomenon [9].

In his opinion, the definition of a syllable causes
difficulties, although every speaker can pronounce a word by syllables. Here
there is a conflict of definition of a syllable as a part of a beat pronounced
in one exhalation, because some syllables can be pronounced without exhaling.

Currently, there are four theories regarding the
nature of the syllable. So, among them there are sonorous, or acoustic,
expiratory, tension theory, or articulatory, and dynamic theories.

The possibility of using sound in a certain
position of a syllable depends on its sonority