Курсовая с практикой на тему Adjectives in the English Language Fiction

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER 1. FUNDAMENTALS FOR HIGHLIGHTING ADJECTIVES 5

1.1 Adjectives in Language Grammatical Structure 5

1.2 Types and grammatical features of English adjectives 7

CHAPTER 1- Summary of Results 9

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF APPLYING ENGLISH ADJECTIVES (IN FICTION TEXTS) 10

2.1 Analysis of Descriptive Adjectives 10

2.2 Analysis of Relative Adjectives 20

CHAPTER 2- Summary of Results 24

CONCLUSION 25

REFERENCES 27

APPENDIX 30

Введение:

The grammatical structure of any language has its own characteristics, which is expressed, among other things, in the formation and use of parts of speech. Adjective plays an important role in the language, as it brings clarifications, characteristics and other descriptive information to the text and speech. The study of the structure and features of the semantics of adjectives is an important research problem.

The relevance of this study is to establish the features of the use of adjectives of different types in English fiction. Due to the significant potential of adjectives in conveying additional information and describing the features and properties of objects, they play an important role in the formation of images. Structural analysis of adjectives allows to identify some patterns in the prevalence of adjectives of different types, which also makes the work relevant in the framework of modern linguistic research.

The objective of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of English adjectives in fiction texts.

The set objective implies the solution of the following tasks:

1. Describe the place of adjectives in the grammatical system of a language;

2. Describe the types and structural features of English adjectives;

3. Analyze the features of using English descriptive adjectives;

4. Analyze the features of using English relative adjectives;

5. Make the quantitative analysis of the cases of using descriptive and relative adjectives in English-language sources.

The object of the study is adjective in English.

The subject of the study is the structural, semantic and stylistic features of English adjectives in fiction texts.

The research methodology includes the following:

1. studying of scientific papers on the topic of term paper;

2. method of continuous sampling when searching for examples;

3. methods of classification and systematization while forming the corpus of examples;

4. descriptive method in identifying the features of the use of English adjectives;

5. method of quantitative analysis in identifying patterns in the use of adjectives of different types and structures.

Sources of research: “Shuggie Bain” (D. Stuart) and “Real Life” (B. Taylor).

The study is based on the problem of identifying grammatical, structural, semantic and stylistic features of the use of adjectives in modern English. This problem reflects an integrated approach to the consideration of linguistic phenomena that is relevant in linguistics.

Scientists examined in detail the problems associated with the topic of the course work. It is worth highlighting the names of the following scientists: A.G. Akhiyarova, D.A. Borisov, S.A. Vinogradova, A.P. Volodin, G.N. Gumovskaya, E.S. Kubryakova, N.S. Lapkovskaya, N.E. Sulimenko, Z.A. Kharitonchik, R. Dixon, P. Matthews, etc.

The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in the study of grammar and lexicology of modern English. In addition, these can be applied in teaching English grammar, in particular, English adjectives, taking into account their structural, semantic and functional features.

The study consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, the list of references and appendix.

The first chapter examines the theoretical aspects of the study, provides criteria for further systematization of examples. The second chapter is practical, it examines the features of adjectives in sources. Both chapters end with brief summaries.

In conclusion, the main results of the study are presented.

Заключение:

To sum up, the presence of objects and signs in the surrounding world allows to speak about the basis of part-of-speech categorization. Adjectives are distinguished as a class on the basis of the indicative nature of their semantics. At the same time, any feature can be represented as some kind of abstract quality, or through a bearer of such a quality.

Adjective denotes either a descriptive attribute of an object, outside of its relation to other objects, events or features, or a relative attribute, denoting the property of an object through its relation to another object, attribute or event. In general, in the language system, adjectives denote signs, properties and qualities.

English adjectives are applied in collocation with nouns to show their special feature, property and give additional characteristics inherent in the character. Especially due to adjectives speech becomes diverse and emotionally saturated. Morphologically, in English, adjectives do not change either by gender, or by cases, or even by numbers. The adjective in the function of definition comes before the noun to which it refers, and in the function of the nominal part of the compound predicate it is applied after the linking verb.

Various morphological, syntactic, functional, semantic features of adjectives became the basis for class subcategorization. The traditional classification of relative and descriptive adjectives is still relevant for languages of various types. The difference in the categories of adjectives is based on logical grounds, suggesting the idea of heterogeneity of a descriptive feature, which can manifest itself as characterizing or classifying. Descriptive adjectives in combination with nouns do not have their own denotation, but describe the denotation of the noun. Relative adjectives can have their own denotation, which is the denotation of the original noun.

Furthermore, for the division of adjectives into relative and descriptive ones, semantic characteristics, grammatical characteristics and structural features are of paramount importance. The grammatical features of adjectives are determined by the morphological potential and structure of the English language. Relative adjectives in English do not have degrees of comparison, and descriptive adjectives have the following degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative ones.

The analysis has shown that descriptive adjectives in fiction texts are used to denote the color and physical characteristics of an object, the character and age of a person. In addition, descriptive adjectives can significantly increase the stylistic expressiveness of the text, as they convey the emotional and evaluative components of the semantics. For descriptive adjectives, it is also typical to use them in a figurative sense, which also contributes to an increase in the stylistic brightness of the text under consideration. Quantitative analysis showed the predominance of simple and derivative descriptive adjectives.

Furthermore, relative adjectives are divided into semantic categories. For adjectives denoting materials, the use of a simple morphological structure is most characteristic. Adjectives denoting a place, in most cases, denote an origin, and are structurally derivational. Adjectives denoting time and relationships are also expressed using affixation. Quantitative analysis showed that relative adjectives are dominated by those that denote material and place.

Thus, the characteristic features of the use of adjectives in literary texts were considered. In the course of the analysis, the predominance of descriptive adjectives in the considered novels was established, since they can significantly increase the stylistic expressiveness of the text, make images more vivid, and also reflect the emotional and evaluative components of the transmitted semantics within the framework of the author’s intention.

In general, studying of adjectives — their structural, stylistic, semantic features — is important in the research of grammar and lexicology of modern English as they have a special role in the categorization of the world — being indicative words, they are representatives of their own concepts. But being part of attributive combinations, they can become conceptual characteristics of other concepts that are important for communication, thus including them in mental activity that reveals its inherent features.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. FUNDAMENTALS FOR HIGHLIGHTING ADJECTIVES

1.1 Adjectives in Language Grammatical Structure

The specification of an object as such in the totality of its properties and its individual qualities and attributes as the feature of objects led to the dismemberment of the originally single, at least in Indo-European languages, category of the name and the formation of a special category of words denoting signs, properties, qualities [29; 24]. The initial non-differentiation, ambivalence of the name is replaced by the specification of common nominal affixes and the subsequent separation of adjectives from nouns [19].

The origin of adjective from a single undivided category of the name, on the one hand, is confirmed by the existence in the languages of antiquity of nominative-attributive constructions to denote quality [8; 29].

On the other hand, this provision is confirmed by the secondary nature of adjective paradigms, often borrowed from a noun or a demonstrative pronoun. Thus, “adjectives arose from nouns, as there was a time that left more or less clear traces and data in various Indo-European languages, when the property was thought only specifically, only as a thing” [17, p. 69].

On the other hand, the very history of the adjective as a part of speech reflects its secondary character [29], because, as A.P. Volodin states, even “the adjective received the status of a part of speech only at the beginning of the 19th century; before that, it was treated as a subclass of the name” [9, p. 40].

The onomasiological category underlying the meanings of adjectives can be characterized as “quality” or “property”. The linguistic understanding of quality is inextricably linked with the logical and philosophical interpretation of this concept, with the identification of the main points of intersection of the conceptual and linguistic content of qualitative attributes [13; 23].

For many centuries, each language has formed its own system of means of expressing the meanings of descriptive features attributed to objects. The core of the language system is formed by units that have a categorical system-linguistic grammatical meaning of descriptive indicativeness, and, accordingly, the primary function of its designation [11; 27].

In inflectional languages, adjectives are traditionally treated as such units, although there is still no consensus on their nature: in structural grammar, they refer to names, in generative grammar, to indicative words [18].

Some scientists consider adjectives to be a kind of formal subclass of the name, putting on “clothes of names” and therefore close to nouns [9, p. 41], since they are “static by nature”, they “designate the signs established through relations between objects, their semantics, thus, directly