Дипломная работа (ВКР) — бакалавр, специалист на тему The Specificity of the Reproduction of Irony in English-Language Journalistic Texts. Специфика воспроизведения иронии в англоязычных публицистических текстах

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 6

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL
FOUNDATIONS FOR STUDYING THE SPECIFICS OF THE REPRODUCTION OF IRONY IN
ENGLISH-LANGUAGE JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. 9

1.1 Characteristics of
English-language journalistic texts. 9

1.2 The essence of irony. 14

1.3 Features of the translation of
irony in journalistic texts. 19

1.4 Transformations used in
translating irony. 21

1.5 Summary of results. 29

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF THE
SPECIFICS OF THE REPRODUCTION OF IRONY IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. 31

2.1 Lexical transformations when
translating irony. 31

2.2 Grammatical transformations when
translating irony. 35

2.3 Syntactic transformations when
translating irony. 43

2.4 Quantitative analysis of
transformations in the translation of irony. 48

2.5 Results and discussion. 51

CHAPTER 3. THE PRACTICAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY OF THE SPECIFICS OF THE REPRODUCTION OF IRONY IN
ENGLISH-LANGUAGE JOURNALISTIC TEXTS IN THE THEORY OF TRANSLATION.. 52

3.1 The practical significance of the
research results for linguistics. 52

3.2 The practical significance of the
research results for translation studies. 54

3.3 Practical relevance of
research results for teaching. 63

3.4 Results and recommendations. 69

CONCLUSION.. 70

REFERENCES. 72

Введение:

Humor is not universal and does not transfer from one
culture to another, usually due to the fact that it depends on the details of a
particular cultural environment. Therefore, the extremely difficult problem of
translating nationally marked humor, anecdotes, political jokes and the like.
Attention to cultural problems of translation arose simultaneously with the
realization that culturally specific concepts, even with the relative proximity
of the source culture and the target culture, can be more difficult for the
translator than reproducing the syntactic or stylistic features of the
original. Such translation problems include, in particular, indirect
statements, whose hidden meaning is easily recognized in the context of the
source culture, but this content is often impossible to convey to the target
audience by “simply translating” the text. Irony is a kind of hidden meaning. Irony,
being one of the categories of the comic, is a multidimensional phenomenon.
This phenomenon is of interest to both specialists in the field of philosophy
and literary criticism, and psychology. The focus of linguists’ attention is
the question of identifying linguistic means of expressing irony.

T. Hobbes and H. Spencer, Z. Freud and A. Bergson, D.
Locke and M. Bakhtin addressed the problem of the comic. In the second half of
the twentieth century, this issue was investigated by Y. Borev, D. Nikolaev, B.
Minchina, J. Elsberg, B. Dzemidok.

Within the framework of literary criticism on the
material of the German language, N. M. Bernovskaya studied irony.
Irony is believed to have originated in ancient Greece. In subsequent
historical eras, it performed different functions. The concept of
"irony" has always been important and interesting for scientists.

Linguistic means of expressing irony were studied on
the material of various languages and types of speech. So, M. A. Baghdasaryan
examines irony in French. A. A. Lapteva analyzed the stylistic
methods of creating irony in a modern newspaper text based on the material of
the Russian language. E. Hans considered the means of expressing irony in
comparison with the means of expressing hyperbole in French poetic language. N. K. Salikhova,
Zh. E. Fomicheva, A. V. Sergienko studied the speech nature
and functioning of the stylistic device of irony on the material of English and
American works of art.

In foreign and domestic translation studies, there are
different views on the possibility of reproducing irony. Some scholars, among
them K. Levois and P. Senties, are skeptical about the possibility of
translating this stylistic means. Thoughts about untranslatable irony are
impressive when you consider that most ironic literature is known to the
general public only through translations. Others, on the other hand, argue that
this is possible. True, everyone has their own way of reproducing irony in the
target language.

The linguistics of the text is actively interested in
the concept of translation of irony, therefore the relevance of the study
is due to the need to focus on the features of its reproduction. Scientists
note that a number of issues remain insufficiently studied, the conclusions are
contradictory and require further analysis and theoretical understanding. This
concerns the issues of linguistic differentiation of the concept of irony,
since today there is no single definition of the concept of irony, the
definition of the nature and range of speech means of its implementation, in
particular, in journalistic texts. From the point of view of translation
studies, the topic is relevant, because there is a need to systematize views on
irony in linguistics, to systematically study the linguistic means of
implementing the category of irony in English-language journalistic texts, and
this will contribute to their comprehensive interpretation. Observations and
consequences of the study will make it possible to make a number of practical
recommendations on the use of translation transformations when translating the
features of irony in journalistic texts from English into Russian.

The objective of the study is to analyze the specifics of the
reproduction of irony in English-language journalistic texts.

Research tasks:

1. Give a description of the English-language
journalistic texts.

2. To reveal the essence of irony. 3. Describe the features of the translation of irony
in publicistic texts.

4. Consider the transformations used in translating
irony.

5. To analyze the specifics of the reproduction of
irony in English-language journalistic texts.

6. To determine the practical significance of the
study of the specifics of the reproduction of irony in English-language
journalistic texts in the theory of translation.

The object of the research is irony in English-language
journalistic texts.

The subject of the research was the specificity of the
reproduction of irony in English-language journalistic texts.

The theoretical and methodological foundations of the work are represented by the works of such
researchers as T. V. Akasheva, I. V. Andrusyak, V. D. Arakin,
I. V. Arnold, L. S. Galperin, E. V. Zhuravleva,
V. I. Zabotkina, L. K. Latyshev and others.

The research material was examples of irony, selected by continuous
sampling in various journalistic texts.

The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the
collected material and the results of the research carried out in the further
development of this issue.

The structure of the work is determined by the purpose and objectives of the
study. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a
bibliography.

Заключение:

1. The publicistic style differs from other styles of
speech, which performs the function of influencing the reader or listener in
order to convince him of the correctness of the provisions put forward or to
cause in him the desired reaction to what has been said not so much with
logical argumentation, as with strength, emotional tension of the statement,
showing those features phenomena that can be most effectively used to achieve
the goal.

2. As the review of linguistic theories of irony has
shown, many aspects of irony are polemical. Criticism of the traditional
semantic approach, in which irony is viewed as the use of a word or a sentence
in the opposite sense, has led to the formulation of theories focusing on the
pragmatic and cognitive aspects of this phenomenon, however, at present, the
definition of irony, the description of the mechanisms of its implementation
and interpretation remain problematic. Researchers who adhere to the concept of
irony as an "echo" proceed from the fact that a key component of
irony is a reference to someone else’s speech, and the communicative intention
of the addressee is to express a negative assessment of the metarepresenting
thought. On the other hand, supporters of the theory of irony as pretense
consider "echo" to be only one of the possible ways to create an
ironic effect and argue that the essence of irony lies in pretense.

3. When translating irony in journalistic texts from
English into Russian, the translator must take into account the means of
creating irony.

4. Various translation transformations will contribute
to solving the problem of translating irony. Their use allows you to create an
equivalent and adequate translation of the original text. Each translation
process is a transformation, even if from the outside the structures of
statements in the original language and the target language do not coincide.
When translating, in most cases, the system of meanings of the output product
is transformed. In addition, the content of the utterance can be deformed while
maintaining the external structure of the utterance and even some lexical units
similar in form.

5. The analysis of the specifics of the reproduction
of irony in English-language journalistic texts made it possible to single out
transformations that contribute to an adequate and equivalent translation of
journalistic texts while preserving the meaning of the author’s ironic
statement. These transformations are as follows: 1) lexical transformations:
generalization, concretization, semantic development, antonymic translation,
holistic rethinking; 2) grammatical transformations: permutation, various types
of grammatical substitutions, addition, omission; 3) syntactic transformations:
syntactic assimilation, syntactic replacement.

The quantitative analysis of transformations made it
possible to establish that the most numerous transformations are grammatical
transformations (17 cases), less numerical are lexical (7 cases) and syntactic
(6 cases) transformations. Perhaps this situation is due to the existing
differences in the grammatical structure of the English and Russian languages,
which inevitably leads to grammatical transformations of various types.

6. The obtained results of the research have their
practical significance, since they can be used by specialists in linguistics,
translation studies and teaching English in the senior grades of secondary
schools and universities.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR STUDYING THE SPECIFICS OF THE
REPRODUCTION OF IRONY IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE JOURNALISTIC TEXTS 1.1 Characteristics of English-language journalistic texts Media tests refer to the journalistic style of speech.
Therefore, in the light of this work, we consider it appropriate to consider
the features of the journalistic style of speech in general and media texts in
particular.

Like other speech styles, the journalistic style is
not uniform. There are two types of it: written and oral. The written variety
of journalistic style includes the language of essays, newspaper articles,
magazine articles, pamphlets, essays, etc. The oral variety includes the style
of oratory, and more recently also reviews of radio commentators.

According to I.R. Halperin, the function of
journalistic style is to influence the recipient of information in order to
convince him that this information is correct and to cause the desired reaction
to what is said. In this case, there is a logical argumentation, emotional
tension of the statement, which allows you to achieve the goal [14].

Unlike I. R. Galperin,
M. A. Gventsadze singles out the newspaper-journalistic style, which
he characterizes as a functional style of speech that serves a wide sphere of
public relations, and it is most fully used in newspapers, socio-political
magazines, on radio, television, and documentary films.

Features of journalistic style can be divided into two
groups: linguistic; extralinguistic.

The allocation of extralinguistic factors into a separate
group is necessary due to the fact that a characteristic feature of this style
is its focus on impact, that is, not only accurately, accessible and vividly
informing the addressee, but also causing him to have a certain attitude to
events, to encourage activities, to the need to take a certain social position,
change views or form new ones. The main extralinguistic factors include not
only the form, type, type of language, but also the sphere of communication,
audience characteristics and non-verbal communication means. [16, p. 145-150].