Дипломная работа (ВКР) — бакалавр, специалист на тему Специфика перевода эмоционально-экспрессивного компонента художественной информации в прозе

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

1.   EMOTIONALITY AND EXPRESSIVENESS IN
LINGUISTIC RESEARCH.. 6

1.1 Expressiveness in linguistics. Term
«expressiveness». 6

1.2 Difference between terms
«expressiveness», «emotivity», «evaluativity». 11

1.3 Expressiveness in different language
levels: ways of expression. 13

1.4 Expressiveness: stylistic means. 15

Results. 22

2. TRANSLATION OF FICTION: KEY
ASPECTS. 24

2.1 Peculiarities of fiction texts
translation. 24

2.2 Translation transformations as
basic strategy for translating fiction. 33

Results. 40

3.   ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATING EMOTIONAL AND
EXPRESSIVE COMPONENT IN «GREAT EXPECTATIONS» BY CHARLES DICKENS. 41

3.1 Translation of stylistic means of
expressiveness. 41

3.2 Translation of expressiveness at
different language levels. 55

Results. 70

CONCLUSION.. 73

REFERENCES. 76

Введение:

Fictional literary texts imply the
brightness of images, which also have significant expressive and emotional
potential. Expressiveness in literature is present at all levels of the text,
it allows to make the narrative brighter, more understandable for the reader.
The problem of translating expressive means within the framework of literary
texts plays an important role, since the task of translating a work of fiction
is to achieve a similar effect on the reader who is a native speaker of the
target language. The relevance of the study is due to
the fact that the problem of expressiveness as a linguistic phenomenon has
always been in the center of attention of many linguists, since it is
associated with the expression of the speaker’s subjective attitude to the
subject of speech. Until now, the issue of expressiveness in language is one of
the most complex and debatable issues of linguistic science, as evidenced by
the lack of uniformed terminology, the different composition of the components
of expressiveness. The phenomenon of expressiveness is so multifaceted that the
topic cannot be exhausted by already existing research works and requires
further development. The object of this research is
expressiveness as a linguistic category. The subject of this research is the
features of the translation of expressive means within the framework of fiction
from English into Russian. The purpose of this study is to analyze
the principles of translating expressive means of different levels from English
into Russian using the example of fiction. The set goal implies the solution of
the following tasks:

1. Define
the peculiarities of expressiveness in linguistics;

2. Determine
the difference between the terms «expressiveness», «emotionality»,
«evaluativity»;

3. Figure
out the ways of expression of expressiveness at different language levels;

4. Determine
the role of expressiveness in stylistic means;

5. Provide
the specific features of fiction texts translation;

6. Determine
the specifics of translation transformations as basic strategy for translating
fiction;

7. Analyze
the strategies for translation stylistic means of expressiveness from English
into Russian;

8. Analyze
the means of translation of expressiveness at different language levels from
English into Russian. The source of the research is the novel
by Charles Dickens "Great Expectations" and its translation into
Russian by M. Lorie. The research methodology includes the
following methods:

1. Method
of analysis of research literature,

2. Method
of continuous sampling when selecting a corpus of examples of expressive means,

3. Comparative
method when comparing fragments of original and target texts containing
expressiveness,

4. Descriptive
method in identifying the features of the translation of the category of
expressiveness from English into Russian,

5. Quantitative
method in identifying the most productive techniques for translating
expressiveness in the literary text. The theoretical basis of the research
includes the work of such scientists as N.F. Alefirenko, O.S. Akhmanova, L.S.
Barkhudarov, V.D. Bondaletov, V.S. Vinogradov, V.V. Vinogradov, G.R.
Gachechiladze, M.N. Kozhina, V.N. Komissarov, Z.D. L’vovskaya, N.N. Mamaeva,
V.P. Moskvin, A.M. Peshkovskiy, Ya.I. Retsker, D.E. Rosenthal, V.N. Telia, A.V.
Fedorov, A.P. Chudinov, A.D. Schweitzer, Yu.I. Yudina and others. The theoretical significance and
scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it provides a
comprehensive assessment of the features of the functioning of the category of
expressiveness in a work of art from English into Russian. We are talking both
about the lexical level of the language itself, within the framework of the
analysis of stylistic means, and about other levels of the language, at which
expressiveness is also manifested. In addition, the study assesses the most
productive methods for translating expressiveness into Russian using
quantitative analysis. The practical significance of the study
lies in the fact that the results obtained can be applied both in the study of
stylistics and lexicology of the English language, and in teaching these
aspects of the English language. In addition, the research results can be used
in teaching the theory and practice of translation in relation to fiction. The structure of the research is
determined by the set goal and tasks. The diploma paper consists of
introduction, three chapters, conclusion and a list of references. The first chapter examines the features
of the category of expressiveness in linguistic research, studies the features
of its manifestation within the framework of the stylistics of the language at
different levels of the language. The second chapter of the study
examines the characteristic features of the translation of a fiction text and
also considers translation transformations as a system of strategies and
translation techniques. The third chapter analyzes the
translation of expressive means from English into Russian on the example of the
novel by Charles Dickens "Great Expectations".

Заключение:

To sum up, the study of the category of expressiveness
in language is inextricably linked with stylistic research. Expressiveness in
the text allows you to convey emotions, make the text more expressive.
Expressiveness often carries an evaluative component. At the same time, the
emotional aspect of the meaning of a word is always inherent in it, regardless
of the speaker’s intentions. At the same time, expressiveness is always
subjective, which also brings it closer in nature to evaluativity.

It’s also crucial to note that all levels of the
language are permeated with expressiveness. It manifests itself in different
ways at the phonetic, lexical, syntactic and textual levels of the language. In
addition, each language has its own characteristic stylistic expressive potential,
which is reflected at different levels of the language.

The characteristic features of stylistic means were
defined. These techniques affect the expressive potential of speech or text. Metaphor,
epithet, simile, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, paraphrase, irony,
oxymoron, hyperbole and litotes all have different stylistic features and
achieve different goals in the text, but a common characteristic feature of all
lexical techniques is the brightness of the expressive potential. Each of the
stylistic means has its own expressive potential, and their distinction in the
text is important in the context of studying the texts of special discourses,
including the texts. Within the framework of the analysis, the characteristic
features of inversion, parceling, gradation, syntactic parallelism, anaphora
and epiphora, rhetorical constructions, antithesis have been considered. Each
of the above means of expression has a pronounced expressive potential.

It’s worth noting that literary translation is a special
part in translation practice, which consists of translating a fiction text from
one language into another. The main problem of literary translation is not the
complexity of transferring meaning, but the transfer of a unique author’s
style, aesthetics, and a range of linguistic means that affect the atmosphere
and mood inherent in the text. When translating a fiction text, three main goals are
pursued: to convey the individual style of the writer; convey the originality
of the culture reflected in the text; to acquaint the reader with the content
of the book. The quality of literary translation is measured by the concepts of
adequacy, i.e. conveying the author’s idea, artistic and aesthetic orientation,
correctly selected means of conveying imagery, reproducing content and form
through another language and equivalence, i.e. conveying the meaning of
content, emotional expressiveness and verbal-structural design of the original.

Translation of a fiction text is due to many
difficulties. These difficulties are present both in the language system
itself, and in the framework of the interaction of cultures — the culture in
the language of which the text was created, and the culture, to which the
reader is native. The problems of translating a literary text at the language
level are usually solved through the application of translation
transformations, taking into account the stylistic techniques used by the
writer.

The specifics of translating expressive features of a
fiction text from English into Russian were analyzed based on the novel “Great
expectations” by Charles Dickens. The examples of translation of metaphor,
metonymy, epithet, hyperbole, irony, simile were considered. The use of
different translation transformations had a different effect on the preservation
of the style of the original text.

The use of modulation made it possible to bring the
translation text closer to the usage of the target language, but at the same
time, in most cases, there is a loss of the bright stylistics and imagery
inherent in the original text. The application of such techniques as
concretization and explication, on the contrary, significantly increased the
expressiveness of the text in the translation process, making it brighter. The
use of such translation transformations as compensation and grammatical
substitutions allowed to adjust the original text to the grammatical norms of
the target language.

The characteristic features of expressiveness at the
phonetic, lexical and syntactic level of language were considered as well. At
the phonetic level of the language, expressiveness is manifested in the
expression of the phonetic features of the hero’s speech. At the lexical level, the most
productive methods for the formation of expressiveness are expressive lexical
units and lexical repetition. Lexical repetitions allow to form a holistic
image, indicate similarities and unity within one image or one situation.
Expressive lexical units refer to different parts of speech. In translation
into Russian, the most productive translation transformations are modulation
and literal translation. Literal translation directly conveys the original
image, while modulation allows to form translation variants that fully comply
with the norms and usage of the target language.

At the syntactic level, expressiveness is manifested by
the use of such constructions as syntactic parallelism and coordinate parts of
speech. In the process of translation from English into Russian, the means of
forming expressiveness at this level of the language are transmitted either
through literal translation or using grammatical substitutions. Grammatical
substitutions allow to bring the original text closer to the grammatical norms
of the target language.

According to the conducted quantitative analysis, the
most productive translation transformations are literal translation and
modulation. Literal translation is characterized by its versatility; it is used
to translate expressive components at different levels of the language, as well
as to translate stylistic means themselves. Modulation is most typical for the
lexical level of the language. It allows to achieve the compliance with the
norms and usage of the target language when choosing translation variants.

Consequently, the translation of stylistic devices as
well as the transmission of expressiveness at various language levels implies
all the variety of translation strategies, the use of which in each specific
case is due to the need to comply with the norms and usage of the target
language. The analysis also showed that quite often fixed phrases typical for
the Russian language are used in the process of translation.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. EMOTIONALITY AND EXPRESSIVENESS IN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH 1.1Expressiveness in linguistics. Term «expressiveness» The concept of
expressiveness is relatively new in linguistics, it appeared only at the
beginning of the 20th century. Charles Bally made the first theoretical
conclusions about expressiveness. Ch. Bally in his research first touched upon
such a science as "Expressive stylistics" — a science that studies
the expressive-emotional aspect of language.

According to the
scientist, stylistics studies the expressive facts of the language system from
the point of view of their emotional content, that is, the expression in speech
of phenomena from the sphere of feelings and the impact of speech on feelings.

Ch. Bally’s
research includes the study of the emotional coloring of expressive speech, the
means that language uses to create them, the relationship between expressive
facts and the expressive system of language.

Ch. Bally noted
the connection between language and life: “In the process of communication, the
interlocutors interact and influence each other. Everything essentially
experienced is subjective, all thoughts are directed towards action. In contact
with life, language is imbued with affectivity, where each word can get an
evaluative meaning. In the process of speaking, the ideas themselves are
deformed under the influence of affect, which is confirmed by the abundance of
figurative expressions and metaphors in living speech. Life is more diverse
than reason, which is characterized by unconscious, automatic use of linguistic
material” [Bally 2013, p. 110]. Ch. Bally singles
out the proper emotional coloring and social coloring, describing each in
detail. A speech fact that possesses social connotation, has basically the same
meaning as any word that can be used in a given context. No between him
significant difference in shades of meaning.

Much attention is
also paid directly to the means of expression. Ch. Bally describes lexical,
syntactic and intonational means of expression.

In Russian
linguistics, the first works in which the expressive potential of the language
was considered appeared in the middle of the 20th century. The problem of
expressiveness of language is considered in the works of V.V. Vinogradov, V.A.
Zvegintsev, O.S. Akhmanova, E.M. Galkina-Fedoruk, N.A. Gvozdeva, L.L. Kim etc.

During this
period, the first attempts were made to distinguish between the concepts of
"expressiveness" and "emotionality". V.V. Vinogradov
emphasizes that the range of shades that a word expresses is called the
expression of the word, its expressive forms [Vinogradov 2011].

The
subject-logical meaning of each word is supported by an expressive atmosphere
that varies depending on the context. V.V. Vinogradov notes that expressiveness
can be traced at all levels of the language: “Expressive power is inherent in
the sounds of a word and their various combinations, morphemes and their
combinations, lexical meanings. Expressive shades are inherent in grammatical
categories and forms. They stand out sharply both in the sound form of words
and in the intonation of speech” [Vinogradov 2011, p. 315].

V.A. Zvegintsev
distinguishes between the expressive-emotional elements of words that are
"associated with the word itself" and those elements that are
"associated with the very phenomena of objective reality and are not part
of the word itself" [Zvegintsev 2011].

In the center of
the research of O.S. Akhmanova there is an expressive emotional coloring and
expressive-stylistic features as well [Akhmanova 2014].

E.M.
Galkina-Fedoruk made a significant contribution to the study of the category of
expressiveness, defining the differences between emotionality and
expressiveness: the concept of “expressiveness” by its content is broader than
the concept of “emotionality”, since the expression of emotions in a language
is always expressive, but expressiveness in a language is not always emotional
[Galkina-Fedoruk 2011].

In Russian
linguistics, two scientific schools can be distinguished that studied the
concept of expressiveness: the Perm school of functional stylistics and the
Moscow school of stylistics. The Perm scientific school of functional
stylistics was formed under the leadership of Professor M.N. Kozhina, who in
the 1960-s. was one of the first to turn to the study of the issues of the
functioning of the language and the substantiation of communicative linguistics,
which later determined the paradigm of linguistics [Kozhina 2017].

M.N. Kozhina made
a significant contribution to the study of emotionally expressive vocabulary.
Currently, her students, for example, N. Y. Milovanova, N.V. Danilevskaya,
continue to work on the study of the concept of expressiveness, in particular
in scientific speech.

The scientists
belonging to the Perm Scientific School, to a greater extent, studied the
theoretical side of the issue of expressiveness and the means of its
expression.

The Moscow school
of stylistics was formed at the department of stylistics of the Russian
language. She is widely known both in Russia and abroad. The Moscow school of
stylistics is represented by the names of prominent linguists such as K.I.
Bylinsky, D.E. Rosenthal, V.P. Vompersky, N.N. Kokhtev and others. Within the
framework of this Moscow school of stylistics, special attention is
traditionally paid to the study of the language of mass communication.

Scientists of the
Moscow Scientific School in their research paid more attention to the use of
means of expressing expression in speech, their works are more practical in
nature [Rosenthal 2011].

Such scientists as
I.R. Galperin, I.V. Arnold, S. Berlison, V.D. Bondaletov, V.A. Maslova, T.A.
Trypolskaya, V.A. Salimovsky, V.N. Telia have continued to develop the concept
of expressiveness. It should be noted that many linguists limited themselves to
describing the means of expression, without explaining what this category is in
its essence.

Currently, there is an increase in interest in the concept of
expressiveness, since it is not well understood, despite the fact that
expressiveness is characteristic of a significant part of the texts. Numerous
scientific articles and dissertations are devoted to the issue of expressiveness.

Expressiveness is
a category of stylistics, linguistics, literary criticism, art history,
aesthetics, logic, psychology, that covers coordinate and heterogeneous
connections of formal, semantic, functional and categorical units. It reflects
and expresses a conscious, purposeful, subjective, emotional and aestheticized
attitude of the speaker to the interlocutor or the content of the message, has
the function of influence and serves to emphasize, enhance, actualize in the
process of communication.

In linguistics,
there are several approaches to defining the concept of expressiveness.

The Linguistic
Encyclopedic Dictionary (LED) defines expressiveness as "a set of semantic
and stylistic features of a language unit, which ensure its ability to act in a
communicative act as a means of subjective expression of the speaker’s attitude
to the content or addressee of speech" [LED, 2014].

According to
another point of view, expressiveness is reduced to expressiveness. B.
Toshovich, for example, means expressiveness by its expression, but he extends
expressiveness to figurativeness: “the expressive and visual qualities of
speech are understood, which distinguish it from the usual, stylistically
neutral, make speech means bright, figurative, emotionally colored” [Toshovich 2014].
The linguist notes that expressiveness is a semantic and emotionally evaluative
category.

A.P. Skovorodnikov
believes that expressiveness as a semantic category interacts with other
components of the pragmatic meanings: evaluativeness, emotionality, expression
of will, style attachment and aesthetic significance [Skovorodnikov 2011].

V.P. Moskvin
adheres to the point of view that expressiveness is a stylistic category. He
defines expressiveness as “a property of a linguistic sign, by virtue of which
it is perceived deautomatized, directly affecting its emotional sphere”
[Moskvin 2016, p. 147].

Expressiveness,
despite the fact that it belongs to the stylistic meaning, is not the same
component of it as emotionality, spontaneity and normativity, since it does not
contain information about the subject of speech, but only determines the
intensity and nature of the perception of stylistic and subject-logical
information, which is contained in the sign.

L.Y. Buyanova
believes that expressiveness is a property of lexical units. It is associated
with the ability of a lexical unit in a figurative or non-descriptive
"form" to reflect the subjective aspects of a person’s perception of
reality: the ideas of those speaking about the qualitative and quantitative
manifestations of realities (objects and their signs, signs of other signs,
actions, states, processes), emotions and feelings that experience the
speakers, their opinions and assessments regarding the subject of speech, etc.
[Buyanova 2016].