Дипломная работа (ВКР) — бакалавр, специалист на тему Особенности реализации метафор в англоязычном публицистическом стиле

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
FOR STUDYING THE PECULIARITIES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF METAPHORS IN THE
ENGLISH PUBLICISTIC TEXT. 5

1.1. The essence of the concept of
metaphor 5

1.2. Characteristics of the
journalistic text 14

1.3. Summary of Results. 20

CHAPTER  2. 
ANALYSIS  OF  THE 
USE  OF  METAPH 
IN  PUBLICISTIC TEXTS  22

2.1. Characteristics of metaphors in
journalistic texts. 22

2.2. The subject of metaphors in
journalistic texts. 39

2.3. Results and Discussion. 45

CHAPTER 3. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF
THE RESEARCH RESULTS. 47

3.1. Implementation of research
results. 47

3.2. Results and Recommendations. 58

CONCLUSION.. 59

REFERENCES. 60

SOURCES OF MATERIAL. 65

Введение:

Relevance of the research topic. Language is the main form of fixation of our knowledge
about the world, as well as the source of studying this knowledge, the close connection
between the semantics of the word and the cognitive processes of perception is
recognized, which is due to the fixation in the word, which serves as a signal
of the elements of the objective world reflected in thinking, the results of
cognitive and productive human activity. Since language is a means of
representing knowledge, it is possible to raise the question of the role of
metaphor in the process of formation, presentation and systematization of the
results of human activity.

The current stage of development of linguistics and
translation studies is characterized by a growing interest in the functioning
of metaphors in various fields of application and ways of their translation
from one language to another.

In different language styles, especially in the style
of journalism, linguistic means are widely used that enhance the effectiveness
of the statement due to the fact that various expressive-emotional shades are
added to their logical content. The language of journalistic style differs from
all others primarily in that it performs an aesthetic function. The
implementation of this function means the representation of the surrounding
reality in a figurative, concrete-sensual form. Words typical of journalistic
literature are not only informative, but also descriptive, that is, they have
the ability to characterize a particular subject, additional to the features
that are visually assigned to a given vocabulary item and recorded in
dictionaries. Strengthening the expressiveness of speech is achieved by various
means, first of all, the use of tropes — the so-called lexical means of
creating imagery. One of the most common types of tropes is a metaphor.

The methodological basis of the work is fundamental
research and theoretical work of famous scientists in the field of linguistics
and stylistics (N.D. Arutyunova, N.D. Bessorabova, A.I. Efimov, A.P. Chudinov,
P. Newmark, T.A. Kazakova, Y. Stepanova, M. Black, M. I. Gumilyova, J.
Lakoff and M. Johnson, V.G. Gak, Y. N. Karaulov, E. S. Kubryakova, V. V.
Petrov, G. N. Sklyarevskaya, VN Teliya and others). Features of the
journalistic style were studied by I.V. Arnold, E.S. Kubryakova, W.
Humboldt. The lexical features of the translation of journalistic texts were
studied by T.V. Anisimova, A.V. Bakun, V.L. Budaev and others. The stylistic
aspect of the translation of journalistic materials was considered in their
works by E. Benveniste, V.A. Chabanenko, O.E. Filimonov.

The relevance of this topic is determined by modern
trends in the study of metaphor. Metaphor is one of the possibilities for
creating expression, because it is usually associated with semantic shifts,
which leads to additional expressive richness of the text as a whole. In
addition, the metaphor is used in all journalistic works, but a relatively
small number of researchers are engaged in its painstaking analysis.

The objective of the study is to identify the features of the
implementation of metaphors in the English journalistic style.

Research tasks:

1. Reveal the essence of the concept of metaphor.

2. Give a description of the journalistic text.

3. Conduct an analysis of the use of metaph in
publicistic texts.

4. Describe the practical significance of the research
results.

The object of the research is metaphor as a linguistic
phenomenon.

The subject of the study is the features of the implementation of
metaphors in the English publicistic style.

The research is based on the problem: What are the features of the implementation of
metaphors in the English journalistic style?

Authors studied: N.D. Arutyunova, A.L. Bezuidenhout, I.D. Gazhev, Yu. Dombrovsky,
J. Lakoff, E. McCormack, V.V. Petrov, S.V. Shevtsov, M. Vega, A.A. Yagovtseva
and others.

The material under research includes: journalistic texts from modern online editions of
English-language newspapers.

The study consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of
references.

Заключение:

Our conceptual system, within which we think and act,
is metaphorical in nature. The concepts that govern our thinking are not
limited to the realm of the intellect. Our concepts organize the reality we
perceive, how we behave in the world, and our contacts with people. Our
thinking, everyday experience and behavior are largely conditioned by metaphor.
At the same time, metaphor is one of the internal integrating mechanisms that
unite the entire complex of human consciousness.

The understanding of metaphor is due to the similarity
of ways people express their life experience and knowledge about the world.
Metaphor not only helps to define a fact, but also replaces this fact, without
even conveying its content.

Metaphor integrates emotional and cognitive perception,
actualizes the mental capabilities of the subject: the perception of a sentence
as false allows it to be given the status of a metaphor and encourages the
subject to look for deep subtexts.

The journalistic style performs the function of
influencing the reader or listener in order to convince him of the correctness
of the propositions put forward or to cause him the desired reaction to what
was said, not so much with logically sound argumentation, but with the power,
emotional richness of the statement, showing those features of the phenomenon
that can be most effectively use to achieve the goal. Therefore, journalism
requires a critical approach to reading.

Media discourse is a thematically oriented, socially
conditioned speech and thought activity in the media space.

The main means of updating conceptual metaphor in
media discourse are represented by traditional metaphor, metaphorical epithet,
erased or dead metaphor, metaphorical expression.

The most frequently updated conceptual metaphors are:
WAR IS A DISASTER; PANDEMIC IS A VORTEX; SITUATION CROSSBOW; VIOLENCE IS FIRE;
ECONOMY IS DRYING THE SHIP; FIRE KILLER; ENEMY IS EVIL.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR STUDYING THE PECULIARITIES OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF METAPHORS IN THE ENGLISH PUBLICISTIC TEXT

1.1. The essence of the concept of metaphor At the end of the 20th
century, the field of research interest of linguists turned out to be a
metaphor as the most important tool for self-knowledge and knowledge of the
world. The theory of cognitive metaphor describes the cognitive nature of
metaphor. The basis of the cognitive theory is the basic heuristic principles
of cognitive linguistics, according to which the explanation of the mechanism
of metaphorization should be sought in the cognitive mechanisms of knowledge
processing.

A large number of
scientific works are devoted to the study of the features of political
discourse and metaphor (N.D. Arutyunova, A.M. Baranov, E. Budaev, N.A Vasilyeva,
T.S. Vershinina, V.Z. Demyankov, S.P. Denisova, V. I. Karasik, Y. N. Karaulov,
A. S. Kubryakova, G. Pocheptsov, T. Skrebtsova, Y. R. Tagiltsev, A. N. Chadyuk,
N. M. Chudakova, A. P. Chudinov, A. I. Sheigal, M. Johnson, G. Lakoff and
others).

At the heart of modern
ideas about the nature of metaphor is the position on the metaphorical nature
of thinking, according to which "metaphor arises from the deep features of
human thinking, which is at the same time its tool in understanding the
world" [Арутюнова 1990, p. 6]. A metaphor is needed not only in order to,
thanks to the received name, make a thought accessible to other people; it is
necessary for the object to become accessible to our thinking.

The allocation of such a type of metaphor as a
cognitive metaphor, functioning in the field of vocabulary, is a way of
creating secondary linguistic predicates that denote signs and processes of the
extra-subjective world. The basis of such a metaphor is analogy. In addition, a
cognitive metaphor is a tool that allows you to distinguish and learn the
properties of various abstract categories.