Дипломная работа (бакалавр/специалист) на тему Специфика перевода спортивных текстов на русский язык

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An analysis of the theoretical sources on the topic under study made it possible on the basis of sociolinguistic approach to the definition of the term “discourse” to formulate the following definition of the concept under study: discourse is a sociolinguistic phenomenon that has been formed in a particular social environment and which actively structures and models social reality, the material embodiment of which is the text (oral or written) ), reflecting the way of thinking, value guidelines, moral standards of both the addressee itself and the environment as a whole.
As a result of the analysis of the material related to terminology, we came to the conclusion that the term is a special word or phrase adopted in a specific professional field and used in special conditions. The terminological system of language is a special layer of the vocabulary that caters for a specific scientific needs.
The characteristic features of the terms are the following: the terms have all the semantic and formal features of words and phrases related to the common language; the terms function in certain professional fields of knowledge, realize special goals, and not as a whole in the lexical system of the language; the terms in the vocabulary of the language of various professional fields fulfill the role of means for designating special concepts — the result of cognition in special fields of knowledge and (or) activity; terms are elements of term systems that reflect (model) theories that describe special areas — language objects for special purposes.
Terms in the framework of any terminological system arise as a result of the terminologization process. Terminologization is the transition of a commonly used literary language unit into a category of terms. The terminologization process can be carried out in several ways: 1) by cutting off its lexical meaning in a common word and endowing it with a strict, precise definition — a definition; 2) when creating the term, the similarity that objects or phenomena possess is taken into account; 3) one of the most important ways of creating new terms is to borrow a term from a foreign language.
The main way to translate terms in sports texts is to translate them by using the lexical equivalent — constant lexical correspondence that exactly matches the meaning of the word. Another of the most common and simple ways of translating a term at the lexical level is transcoding (letter-by-letter or phonemic transmission of the original lexical unit) – the so-called transcription, or by using the alphabet of the target language – transliteration. Transcoding of terms is applied when the corresponding concept and corresponding translation equivalent are absent in the target language. Terms in sports-related texts can be translated using tracing, which consists in conveying the combinatorial composition of a word when the components of a word (morpheme) or phrase (lexeme) are transferred to another language through the corresponding elements of the language. This translation method is used to convey complex terms in structure.
The translation of sports-related texts is the process of converting text in the original language into text in the target language. The translation of such texts has a close connection with sports information and is not only a speech activity, but also a specific process. The translator performing such a translation of texts in the field of sports should have a good command of a foreign language and have sufficient knowledge in this field.
The activities of the translator in the translation of scientific and technical texts of genetic engineering should be aimed at achieving the adequacy and equivalence of translation by solving the above problems.
The greatest difficulty in translating such texts is the terms and their thematic groups. The analysis of the selected language material allowed us to distinguish the following thematic groups of terms: 1) sports names; 2) subspecies names; 3) name of sports figures; 4) names of technical methods; 5) names of sports equipment; 6) vehicle names; 7) names of violations and penalties; 8) names of the place of activity, zones and borders; 9) names of types of competitions and their parts; 10) ammunition names; 11) names of measure, quantities and statistical categories; 12) names of the qualities of athletes; 13) names of methods and results of preparing athletes for competitions; 14) names of sports associations; 15) titles of ranks and ranks; 16) referee terms of control in competitions.
Thus, the translation of sports-related texts requires a thorough analysis. Therefore, the prospect of further research is to consider the stylistic features of the translation of special texts and the translation of names, since they are very common in the texts of this type.
 

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SPORTS-RELATED TEXTS TRANSLATION
1.1 The essence of the concept of discourse

The term «discourse» (from the French word discours — speech) was proposed by American structuralists, specialist in the methodology of linguistic research, mathematical linguistics, Zellig Harris (1902-1992) in the early 50s of the twentieth century. In the article “Discourse Analysis” devoted to the language of advertising (syntactic regularities in discourse, analysis of the semantic equivalence of various judgments falling into an identical environment), the scholar for the first time proposed the term “discourse” as an independent term in the sense of “connected text” .
In modern linguistics, there are two approaches to the understanding of the term. The first approach was displayed by T.A. van Dyck who used this term in a broad sense, as the word denoting a communicative event that occurs between the speaker, the listener (observer, etc.) in specific temporal and spatial contexts in the process of communicative action (oral or written, with verbal and non-verbal components). A discourse is the “product” of a communicative action, its written or verbal result, which is interpreted by the recipients . T.A. van Dyck was the first to make a distinction between the concepts of “text” and “discourse”.
V. Lukyanets holds the same opinion, and argues that discourse is a fixed type of texts with a lexical system and grammar intrinsic to this type of texts .
It should be noted that the first half of the 20th century was marked by the fact that linguistics for a rather long period of time was focused on the study of language as a system mainly on the basis of written texts, which is one of the two sides of the language. In the second half of the XIXth century- the beginning of the XXth century, after the appearance of Ferdinand de Saussure’s work “The Course of General Linguistics”, in which he gave the distinction between language and speech”, linguists came to be focused on the other side of this dialectical unity — speech activity, and its product – discourse. Since modern concept of discourse reflects the result of the development of linguistic science, the notion of discourse has become one of the basic notions of pragmatic linguistics and text linguistics.
Though the concept of discourse is widely used in modern linguistic researches (it was studied by well-known foreign linguists E. Benvenist, M. Stubbs, D. Shifrin, M.L. Makarov, V.V. Krasnykh, V.A. Zvegintsev, V.I. Karasik), there is no unanimity in the views of different scholars on its essence.
So, the study of “discourse” as a phenomenon related to the “text” is a separate area of modern linguistics. In our work, we will attempt to explain the distinction between the concepts of “discourse” and “text”.
Today, there is a tendency to increasingly replace the traditional “text” with the term “discourse,” however, researchers do not always terminologically distinguish between these phenomena and use these terms interchangeably. Recently, the interest of linguists in this problem has increased, as evidenced by the numerous works of Russian and foreign scholars.
The concept of E. Benveniste laid the foundation for the theory of discourse, which defines it as a pragmatized form of text. E. Benvenist distinguished between the plane of discourse (discоurs) – speech belonging to the person who speaks, and the plane of the story (recit). By the term “discourse” E. Benvenist understood any statement that determines the presence of communicants: the sender of message and the addressee, as well as the intentions of the a sender which in a certain way affect the addressee .
According to the point of view of N.N. Belozerova, “discourse” (англ. discourse, франц. discours) refers to those words whose initial meaning is veiled, their meaning is directly opposite to the original .
Patrick Serio, who is one of the authors of “The Squad of Meaning”, describes a number of the following main features of “discourse” :
1) the discourse is equivalent to the concept of “speech” in the Sosyurov sense, that is, equivalent to any specific expression;
2) the discourse is a unit that prevails over the phrase in size, acting as the subject of “grammar of the text”, which studies the sequence of individual judgments;
3) language and discourse (language and discours) are sometimes contrasted as, on the one hand, a system of little differentiated virtual meanings, and on the other hand, as diversification at the surface level, which is associated with a variety of uses of language units;
4) often the term “discourse” is used to denote a system of restrictions imposed on an unlimited number of judgments through the prism of a particular social or ideological position (for example: political discourse, mass media discourse, etc.).