Часть дипломной работы на тему Особенности перевода английской детской художественной литературы (на примере сказок Беатрис Поттер) «Features of translation of English children’s fiction (on the example of Beatrice Potter’s fairy tales)»

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 2

CHAPTER 1. TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS AND
EQUIVALENCY LEVELS IN TRANSLATING FAIRY TALES. 5

1.1 Features of Author’s Fairy Tales. 5

1.2 Linguo-Stylistic
Features and Problems of Translation of Author’s Fairy Tales  10

1.3 Types of Translation. 14

1.4 Classification of Translation Transformations. 19

1.5 Summary of Results. 24

CHAPTER
2. PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE VERSION
OF THE BEATRICE POTTER’S FAIRY TALES. 26

2.1 Analysis of Lexical Transformations. 26

2.2 Analysis of Grammatical Transformations. 37

2.3 Analysis of Lexical-Grammatical Transformations. 42

2.4 Results and Discussion. 44

CHAPTER 3. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS  46

3.1 Practical
Relevance of  the Research Results in Translation
Studies. 46

3.2 Practical
Relevance of  the Research Results in Stylistics. 50

3.3 Practical
Relevance of  the Research Results in Linguistics. 54

3.4 Results
and Recommendations. 57

CONCLUSION.. 59

REFERENCES. 61

APPENDIX   68

Введение:

The present graduation paper is devoted to the research of the features of translation of English children’s
fairy tales.

The translation of fiction has always been considered the most
challenging type of translation as such text represent not only the grammar and
vocabulary of the language, but also the features of author’s style, the
features of the target audience, the genre characteristics, etc. Fairy tales as
a genre of fiction imply the vivid characters, bright stylistics of narration
and the tight links to the culture to which the author belongs. Thus, the task
of translation of fairy tales implies a plenty of difficulties for translators.

The relevance of this research is determined by the
following facts: the translation of any fiction text is a hard task for
translator requiring professional skills, the necessity to preserve the imagery
and stylistics from the original text in translation. Despite the fact that
this problem is broadly described in translation theory, there is no universal
approach to translating fiction texts. So, the analysis of the features of
translating fairy tales by B. Potter into Russian may add some information to
the examination of this problem in translation theory and practice.

The objective
of the research is to analyze the features of translating Beatrice Potter’s Fairy Tales into Russian
applying various translation transformations.

According to the objective of the research the following tasks have been formulated:

1. To
establish the features of fairy tales;

2. To
determine the stylistic features and fairy tales and formulate the relevant
translation problems;

3. To
establish various types and approaches to translation;

4. To analyze
the features of translation transformations;

5. To perform
the comparative analysis of the English text by B. Potter and their translation
into Russian;

6. To determine
the practical relevance of the research results.

The object
of the research is the translation
of English fiction for children from into Russian.

The subject
of the research is the application of translation transformations while
translating Beatrice Potter’s Fairy
Tales into Russian. The
source of the research are the
texts of B. Potter’s fairy tales: Flopsy, Mopsy and Cotton-tail, The Story of
Miss Moppet, The Tale of Benjamin Bunny, The Tale of Ginger and Pickles, Tale
of Jemima Puddle-Duck, The Tale of Johnny Town, The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher,
The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle, The Tale of Tom Kitten, The Tale of Two Bad Mice
and their translations into Russian. The
research methodology includes the following methods:

1. Method
of analysis of research literature,

2. Method
of continuous sampling when selecting a corpus of examples of using translation
transformations,

3. Comparative
method when comparing fragments of original and target texts,

4. Descriptive
method in identifying the features of the translation of fairy tales from
English into Russian,

5. Quantitative
method in identifying the most productive techniques for translating B.
Potter’s fairy tales. The theoretical basis of the research
includes the works of such scientists as V.V. Alimov, L.S. Barkhudarov, V.S.
Vinogradov, V.Y. Zadornova, A.E. Ismagulova, N.E. Klyukanov, V.N. Komissarov,
N.M. Ladisova, M.N. Lipovetsky, V.P. Moskvin, V.Y. Propp, Y.I. Retsker, A.V.
Fedorov, A.D. Shveitser, O.V. Shvets, T. Lee. And others. The theoretical significance
and scientific novelty of this research are determined by the point that
this research comprehensively assesses the features of translating fairy tales
from English into Russian. The research encompasses all the language levels as
the texts of fairy tales have special features at all the language levels.
Furthermore, the research assesses the most productive methods for translating
fairy tales from English into Russian applying quantitative analysis. The practical significance of this
research is explained by the point that the gained results can be applied both
in the study of stylistics and lexicology of the English language, and in
teaching these aspects of the English language. In addition, the research
results can be used in teaching the theory and practice of translation
regarding children’s fiction literature. The structure of the research is
determined by the set objective and tasks. The graduation paper consists of
introduction, three chapters, conclusion, the list of references and appendix. The first chapter is devoted to the
theoretical problems, such as the features of fairy tales as a genre, the
problems of translating fairy tales, translation transformations as the key
strategy for translating fairy tales. In the second chapter, the practical
analysis of fairy tale translation is performed. Here, the examples are divided
into three groups: lexical, grammatical and lexical-grammatical ones. The
comparative analysis of the English original and the Russian translation
allowed for the determination of the translations applied. The quantitative
analysis allows for the determination of the most productive transformations. The third chapter of the research
considers the potential for the practical implementation of the results
obtained.

Заключение:

To sum up, an author’s fairy tale is a part of artistic
discourse, and for this reason it completely obeys all the laws of such text,
and – having specific folkolre features – it remains a fully authors text. The translation
of fairy tales implies a plenty of difficulies, such as discrepancies in
imagery, stylistics and the presence of non-equivalent lexical units that
require professional skills and special talent from translators. When
translating, it is often necessary to add some phrases for pragmatic reasons,
due to which the text increases in volume. Therefore, to balance this trend,
one should strive, wherever possible within the linguistic and stylistic norms
of the target language, to omit semantically redundant elements of the source
text. There is no translation without changes and transformations. The crucial
part of translation of fairy tales is the application of translation
transformations. The term «transformation» in translation studies is used to
show the relationship between the source and target language expressions, the
substitution in the process of translation of one form of expression by
another, a substitution that we figuratively call conversion or transformation.
By their nature, translation transformations are essentially inter-lingual
operations of meaning «re-expression». Translation transformations have a
formal and semantic character, transforming both the form and the meaning of
the source units.  The adequacy of the
translation is always connected with the skills of a competent statement of the
translation problem and the ability to make the necessary transformational
translation. As a fairy tale
is a literal text, literary translation is a special part in translation
practice, which consists of translating a fiction text from one language into
another. The main problem of literary translation is not the complexity of
transferring meaning, but the transfer of a unique author’s style, aesthetics,
and a range of linguistic means that affect the atmosphere and mood inherent in
the text. In the
practical part of the research, the examples of using translation
transformations have been divided according to the classification proposed by
V.N. Komissarov. Transcription and transliteration are
used to translate proper names, while other transformations have a wider range
of application and allow to transfer a variety of fragments of fairy tales into
Russian. When using modulation and concretization, the translator often created
stylistically marked lexical units, often using stylistic tropes. Grammatical substitutions most clearly
demonstrate these discrepancies in the grammatical structures of the original
and target languages. The omission of words is used to avoid linguistic
redundancy in the translation text. Addition of words allows to create more
complete images in the translation text. The use of combining and dividing
sentences is due to differences in the syntactic structure of sentences in
English and Russian. Explication allows the formation of
more holistic and often emotionally rich images. In turn, antonymic translation
and compensation are applied within the framework of observing the
peculiarities of the usage and the linguistic norm of the target language. In
an antonymic translation, despite significant changes in the structure of texts
in Russian and English during translation, the entire semantics of the original
is preserved. The
conducted quantitative analysis shows that the most productive translation
transformation is modulation (18%). Due to this transformation, it becomes
possible to re-express the meaning of the original text while maintaining the
style and semantics. Grammatical substitutions (15%) allow expressing the
semantics of the original text in accordance with the grammatical norms of the
target language. Explication was revealed in 10% of cases. Explication makes it
possible to introduce the personality of the author into the text of fairy
tales, as well as to increase the emotionality of the narrative. The
estimation of the practical relevance of the research results demonstrates that
the results obtained may be implemented in such fields as translation studies,
linguistics and stylistics. Thus, the theme of the graduation paper is of high
relevance.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1.
TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS AND EQUIVALENCY LEVELS IN TRANSLATING FAIRY TALES

1.1 Features
of Author’s Fairy Tales

The author’s fairy tale is one of the examples of a literary text along
with a story, novel, poem, etc. A fictional text is a text written by the
author in order to reflect his attitude to the real world or to his inner
experiences. Through the text, the author conveys various types of information
to the reader, and also affects him emotionally, since a literary text is
characterized by the use of many different expressive means [12].

It is worth noting that the key feature of any literary text is not just
the transmission of the author’s thoughts and feelings, but also his ability to
convey them to the reader. A fictional text, in fact, is designed to excite the
imagination, inspire the reader, make him experience certain emotions along
with the heroes of the narrative [2].

Fiction texts are characterized by the fact that they are based on the
implementation of an artistic and aesthetic function. They are designed to
transfer the reader to another world, space and, with the help of their own
imagination, plunge into the boundless world of fiction. It combines the
beautiful and the ugly, the sublime and the mundane, good and evil. To convey
emotional information and for a more detailed and colorful description of
objects and phenomena, authors often use linguistic means [12].

In addition, in any literary text, the presence of the author is always
felt, his thoughts, feelings and reasoning, which are transmitted either
through the replicas of the hero, or through the words of the author or various
descriptions. As V. V. Vinogradov mentions, it is often possible to find
various stylistic and genre features in a work of art, which only brings the
fiction text closer to the speech that is familiar and understandable to us,
for example, the elements of the official business style, aphorisms, colloquial
style, book style of storytelling, etc. [12].

V. Ya. Zadornova notes that an important feature of a literary text is
the widespread use of various stylistic means of expression, in particular,
tropes and figures of speech. One of the main distinguishing features of a
literary text is the active use of tropes and figures of speech. This feature
of works of artistic functional style was discovered in ancient times. Even the
Romans and ancient Greeks studied and compiled classifications of tropes and
figures of speech. To this day, we use the terminology of the aesthetics of
Antiquity, when designating certain artistic techniques. The variety of forms
of activity of the literary English language gradually led to its
differentiation. Each type of speech has its own characteristic lexical and
syntactic features, and the differences between the types of speech depend on
the conditions in which communication takes place [18].

A fairy tale is one of the most ancient genres of oral folk poetry. As a
rule, fairy tales are works of a magical, epic, adventurous nature. It is
noteworthy that initially the tale was transmitted exclusively orally, within a
limited group of people, which made it deeply national in its form and nature.
However, many stories of fairy tales are global and recurring in different
cultures [50].

Fairy tales are rooted in the traditional life of the people, they are
based on already existing myths, that is, they are part of the cultural picture
of the world of a particular people [34].

In modern literature, there are folk and author’s
literary tales. The author’s fairy tale as a genre is characterized by a
certain ambiguity, since the “fairy tale” refers us to the folklore origins of
the genre, and the definition “literary” returns us to the strictly outlined
genres of literary art. In fact, a literary tale is a written fixation of some
oral work [60]. An
author’s fairy tale implies the presence of a certain person-author who created
its text — and this is how it differs from fairy tales by nature [1].