Часть дипломной работы на тему Грамматические и лексические особенности англоязычной интернет коммуникации в социальных сетях

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 6

CHAPTER 1. THEORIES AND BASIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING INTERNET COMMUNICATION 8

1.1. Definition of internet Сommunication 8

1.2. Lexicological Aspect of modern English 11

1.3. Grammatical Features of Internet Communication. 15

1.4. Morphological Features of Internet Communication. 19

1.5. Syntactical Features of Internet Communication 24

1.6. Summary of Results 28

CHAPTER 2. FEATURES OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMMENTS AND POSTS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS 30

2.1. Analysis of Examples of Lexical Features in YouTube and Reddit 30

2.2 Analysis of Examples of Grammatical Features in YouTube and Reddit 34

2.3 Analysis of Examples of Morphological Features in YouTube and Reddit 38

2.4 Analysis of Examples of Syntactic Features in YouTube and Reddit 42

2.5 Analysis of the collected data and comparison 45

2.6 Results and Discussion 47

REFERENCES 49

APPENDIX 56

Введение:

This work studies the grammatical and lexical features of English comments that are publicly available on the Internet.

The twenty-first century is recognized as the century of information technology, linking the life of a modern society with the Internet. With the help of development of technology and the wide spread of the Internet, almost limitless opportunities have appeared for everyone. Without leaving home, you can call friends living in another country, pay bills, watch movies, read various scientific articles, and even go to the gallery. Constant communication in social networks has become an important part of modern life.

The study of the Internet grammar of speech started with David Crystal, who described the main features of the language on the Internet, giving special importance to the lexical aspect. The scientists gave the main characteristics of Internet communication, described the linguistic personality of the author and the linguistic means of expressing information in the Internet space. The researchers identified the main forms and methods of communication on the Internet and gave their characteristics. However, the grammatical features of Internet communication have not been systematized yet.

A person usually does not think about how to express his thought grammatically and lexically correctly during communication on the Internet. The mode of real communication on the Internet does not allow you to think about what you want to say. The speed of communication and information transfer took the first place. Neither the addressee nor the addressee pays attention to errors and mistakes, while sharing information in virtual space.

Communication on the Internet is not limited by any language framework, which is why the Internet environment is full of a variety of errors that claim to change their status of «errors» to «features of the speech grammar of Internet communication».

Grammar in Internet communication has its own distinctive features, which are expressed through atypical syntax and morphology and mistakes in the structure of sentences, word order, inflection and much more. This aspect of Internet communication needs to be studied at school, because it is schoolchildren and students who make up the bulk of active users of social networks and adopt communication models from Internet communication.

The subject of the study is the features of the Internet grammar of modern English-speaking internet communication.

The object of the study is phenomenon of lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English-language comments on social networks.

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the grammatical design of speech in modern English in the virtual space.

The subject, the object and the goal allowed to define a number of tasks:

1) to describe the Internet comment as a genre

of communication.

2) to identify and systematize the characteristic features of computer-mediated communication using short text messages (English-language comments) as a separate type of interpersonal communication.

The research material was (?) English-language comments in modern social networks.

The theoretical significance of the study is: systematization of the characteristic features of social network comments, which will allow classifying grammatical phenomena that have come into the focus of the study, and the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of these phenomena.

The practical value of the work is determined by the possibility of using research materials in elective courses, courses in general linguistics. The work can be interesting and useful for a wide audience of users. It is also can be used to show the peculiarities of communication in the Internet space in English language to students, studying this language.

The structure of the work is determined by the logic of the research and includes an

introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliographic list including the names of sources of domestic and foreign authors.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORIES AND BASIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING INTERNET COMMUNICATION

1.1. Definition of internet Сommunication

The term «Internet» is used in a narrow sense and in a broad sense. In the broad sense (in lowercase letters), it is any group of networks that work as a whole; in the narrow sense (in capital letters) — the ‘World Wide Web’, using IP and similar protocols for connectivity [15, р. 15]. The emergence of the Internet owes much to the development of philosophical thought, as its prototypes had already begun to appear in ancient philosophy, where there was a pressing need for effective information storage and ‘knowledge repositories’. In the Middle Ages, the main philosophers realised the idea of ‘virtue’ and ‘virtual reality’, and the main problem of this era was the unification of different knowledge. «This is how the idea of the ‘network’ matured and later developed into a network of organised Internet systems.

Although there was no dominant concept in the philosophy of the new era that would bring thinkers closer to realising this idea, there was a sufficient scientific basis for the development of electronic computing and even programming in this period. In modern Western philosophy and science, the theoretical underpinnings of the Internet concept, the concepts of ‘virtual worlds’ and ‘artificial intelligence’, are being established [7, р. 10-11]. The Internet is a synthesis of ideas such as virtual, hypertext, multimedia, universal information network, networked society and non-linear thinking.

The basic theoretical ideas of the Internet fit into a broad context of world history and culture, and its paradigm and dominance were developed in an era of transition, interpreted as revolutionary and linked to fundamental changes in intellectual technology, namely the production of data, storage, the transmission and consumption of information.

The interest of linguists in this phenomenon becomes evident in light of the wild popularity of the Internet. Thus, the linguistic and cultural (O. V. Lutovynova) and gendered features of Internet discourse (A. N. Gaifullina, O. I. Horoshko, L. F. Kompantseva) and its genre format (O. Yu. Raspopina, L. V. K. K.) have been discussed. For hypertext (O. S. Klochkova, S. G. Stroikov, N. V. Kolomiets, O. M. Galichkina), virtual communication spaces (N. G. Asmus), linguistic personalities of virtual communicators (N. G. Asmus, M. S. Ryzhkov), etc.

All research tasks are solved through the prism of discourse methodology, whose methodological principle is anthropocentrism — the heuristic principle of associating language and speech with a person’s thinking, which reflects his inner state, universal humanity, national culture, social values. It is a reflection of the person’s internal state, general humanity, national culture, and social values.

The active development of communication issues in linguistics mediated by electronic information and technological channels, as well as the lack of a single term for the above-mentioned studies, call for clarification and the definition of concepts such as ‘virtual discourse’, ‘computer’, etc. The term «virtual discourse», «electronic discourse», «cyber discourse» and «cyber discourse» has been used to describe the term «computer discourse».

The terms «computer discourse» and «electronic discourse» are absolutely synonymous, as they involve the use of computers for communication. «Internet discourse» is understood as communication in a global network, a networked discourse which, in addition to communication on the Internet, also includes communication in other, particularly local, networks. Thus, specific types of discourse are in a supra-nominal relationship, where computer (electronic) discourse acts as a supra-nominal and the communicative context is determined by the communication channel.

There is no such explicit relationship between computer and virtual discourse. Virtual discourse is understood more narrowly than computer discourse, because the latter is not only communication by means of a computer, but also human-computer communication. Moreover, whereas computer discourse is characterised by direct contact between communicators, this is not the case with virtual communication, where communication partners are often guessed by our consciousness. On the other hand, virtual discourse can be interpreted more broadly than computer discourse because communication in virtual reality is created not only through computers but also through other forms of communication [6, р. 9].

At the same time, the array of electronic (computer) and virtual discourse representations includes non-paper media (audiobooks, films, music CDs, games, programs), multimedia devices (smartphones, communicators, ipods, e-books), etc., in addition to texts in the Internet environment, and is much broader than Internet discourse [10, р. 129].

In modern linguistics, Internet discourse is interpreted in different ways. It is understood as:

a) the cognitive-communicative space of the global network, in which communicative interaction takes place through electronic data transmission channels and structured and routed hypertextual mechanisms with the help of (sub)linguistic means, characterised by the substitution of real and fictional images [13].

b) texts circulating in Internet systems where the persuasive communication environment implicitly reflects the subjective and personal position of the author, taking into account psychological, linguistic and technical factors [4, р. 7].

c) a process of text creation that combines linguistic, socio-cultural, and psychological factors; purposeful social action, including people’s interactions and their consciousness mechanisms — cognitive processes [2, р. 7].

d) complex text systems, determined by extra-linguistic socio-cultural factors and the specific context of speech contact using computers and other electronic devices, both among users on the Internet and in discursive Internet spaces [12, р. 3].

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 2

CHAPTER 1. THEORIES AND BASIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING INTERNET COMMUNICATION 4

1.1. Definition of Internet Communication 4

1.2. Lexicological Aspect of Modern English 7

1.3. Grammatical Features of Internet Communication. 12

1.4. Morphological Features of Internet Communication 16

1.5. Syntactical Features of Internet Communication 20

1.6. Summary of Results 24

CHAPTER 2. FEATURES OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMMENTS AND POSTS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS 26

2.1. Analysis of Examples of Lexical Features in YouTube and Reddit 26

2.2 Analysis of Examples of Grammatical Features in YouTube and Reddit 30

2.3 Analysis of Examples of Morphological Features in YouTube and Reddit 34

2.4 Analysis of Examples of Syntactic Features in YouTube and Reddit 38

2.5 Analysis of the collected data and comparison 41

2.6 Results and Discussion 43

CHAPTER 3. AREAS OF IMPLEMENTING RESEARCH RESULTS 45

3.1. Using Features of Internet-Communication in Learning of Lexicology 45

3.2. Using Features of Internet-Communication in Learning of Stylistics 50

3.3. Using Features of Internet-Communication in School and University Teaching 55

3.4 Results and Recommendations 62

CONCLUSION 66

REFERENCES 70

APPENDIX 76

Введение:

This work studies the grammatical and lexical features of English comments that are publicly available on the Internet.

Relevance of the work. The Internet, which appeared relatively recently on humanity horizon, is surely gaining ground in the lives of many people. It is used for work and entertainment. It provides wider opportunities for quick communication. Both new social and psychological phenomena related to the Internet appear, as well as a certain modification of problems and phenomena known to psychologists for a long time. Interaction between Internet users, Internet groups and communities, human behavior on the Internet and the impact of the Internet on a person are studied. Therefore, the field of Internet linguistics is actively developing today.

Online life is changing all the time. More and more people are involved in various «online» communities. There is a peculiar culture of communication, which is constantly developing both thanks to the expansion of the Internet audience and thanks to new technical possibilities. It also varies depending on the type of community in which it manifests itself. The value content also changes, because it directly depends on the values of the entire population of Internet users.

The study of the Internet grammar of speech started with David Crystal, who described the main features of the language on the Internet, giving special importance to the lexical aspect. The scientists gave the main characteristics of Internet communication, described the linguistic personality of the author and the linguistic means of expressing information in the Internet space. The researchers identified the main forms and methods of communication on the Internet and gave their characteristics. However, the grammatical features of Internet communication have not been systematized yet which becomes the relevance of this work.

The subject of the study is the features of the Internet-discourse in the context of usage modern English-speaking internet communication.

The object of the study is phenomenon of lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English-language comments on social networks.

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the grammatical design of speech in modern English in the virtual space.

The subject, the object and the goal allowed to define a number of tasks:

1. to describe the Internet comment as a genre of communication.

2. to identify and systematize the characteristic features of computer-mediated communication using short text messages (English-language comments) as a separate type of interpersonal communication.

3. to bring out the main practical results of research in the field of lexicology, stylistics and methods of teaching the language.

The research material was 100 English-language comments in modern social networks.

The theoretical significance of the study is: systematization of the characteristic features of social network comments, which will allow classifying grammatical phenomena that have come into the focus of the study, and the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of these phenomena.

The practical value of the work is determined by the possibility of using research materials in elective courses, courses in general linguistics. The work can be interesting and useful for a wide audience of users. It is also can be used to show the peculiarities of communication in the Internet space in English language to students, studying the course of language.

The structure of the work is determined by the logic of the research and includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliographic list including the names of sources of domestic and foreign authors.

Заключение:

The twenty-first century is recognized as the century of information technology, linking the life of a modern society with the Internet. With the help of development of technology and the wide spread of the Internet, almost limitless opportunities have appeared for everyone. Without leaving home, you can call friends living in another country, pay bills, watch movies, read various scientific articles, and even go to the gallery. Constant communication in social networks has become an important part of modern life.

A person usually does not think about how to express his thought grammatically and lexically correctly during communication on the Internet. The mode of real communication on the Internet does not allow you to think about what you want to say. The speed of communication and information transfer took the first place. Neither the addressee nor the addressee pays attention to errors and mistakes, while sharing information in virtual space.

Communication on the Internet is not limited by any language framework, which is why the Internet environment is full of a variety of errors that claim to change their status of «errors» to «features of the speech grammar of Internet communication».

The question of the function of language as a dynamic system is inseparable from the question of the function of the linguistic units in the language stream. Any system, if it is viable, is not a rigid organisation. It always has transitional cases, and any classification of its elements assumes a core and periphery, i.e. non-obvious cases. The source of linguistic change and its creative potential is nature and its relationship to man, whose essence is determined in the process of activity, including the various phenomena of origin, beginning with the material and practical operations outside man and ending with the intellectual activity within action.

In each morphological type of language, there are many features that are specific to other groups of languages, but we cannot fail to illustrate the superiority of the analytical element in the structure of modern English. We attribute to them the relative impoverishment of the flexural form of monosyntactic variation; the significant development of homonyms for grammatical word-suffixes; the highly developed conversational vocabulary, which is based on a refined mechanism of functional repositioning of linguistic units and a tendency towards integration and equality; the advantage of adjacency over other types of monosyntactic connections in the combination of subordinate characters; the formation of chains of attributive names; the spread of non-finite prepositional complexes

If we analyse language as a functional system, i.e. as a system of means of expressing a certain goal, then the most important position in it should be that of the full-valued primary grammatical unit. Thus, the word, as the main subject unit of the language, combines many meanings, forms and usages. This understanding of the word is universal. In every language, a word is directly related to a defined concept.

Of course, the functional use of English words is assumed to be within the boundaries of definitional norms. Thus, the valence possibilities of an English word, its combinatory potential and its semantic features are closely related and determine its role in the linguistic system and in the lexico-grammatical feature system.

The functions that appear on the Internet appear at different levels of language: at the level of vocabulary, the rules of structural statement and connected text, genre-textual norms, the absence of ratios for mastering oral and written communication, communicative strategies and tactics.

The features of the Internet language noted during the analysis can be displayed in a number of graphs that will allow comparison with respect to the frequency of use of a particular tool.

Thus, among the lexical means it was singled out:

— onomatopoeia (2%)

— slang expressions (7%)

— abbreviations (27%)

— interjections (6%)

Thus, can be noted the greatest prevalence of the abbreviation. This is due to the fact that this form of the word has a number of well-established forms that are both familiar to users and allow them to save time. Slang expressions and interjections are approximately equal in meaning, and are united by the implementation of the emotive function.

Among the grammatical means of expression, the following can be distinguished:

— Lack of capital letters at the beginning of a word (32%)

— Lack of capital letters in significant words (15%)

— Errors in the use of the article and auxiliary words (2%)

— Excessive insert words (1%)

— Omitting parts of a sentence (6%)

Thus, among the specific features of the use of grammatical means, the most common are errors in the use of various types of capital letters. This is due to the desire of users for language savings and ignoring language norms.

Among the morphological features of Internet speech, the following stand out:

— incorrect spelling of the pronoun «I» (14%)

— apostrophe omission (9%)

— errors in consonant doubling (2%)

— capitalization of words (18%)

Thus, the most common characteristic is capitalization in words, which performs an emotive function and emphasizes the communicative intention of the Internet user.

Among the syntactic features of Internet speech, the following were distinguished:

— no period at the end of a sentence (53%)

— omission of a comma (28%)

— ellipsis in the middle of a sentence (3%)

Thus, the omission of the period becomes the most significant characteristic. A feature of the syntactic level is the use of incomplete (nominative) sentences and elliptical sentences, the purpose of which is to convey a lively casual conversation with shades of emotionality. The above-mentioned problematic questions are only a few that face linguists who are engaged in the study of Internet communication and the language functioning in it.

The language of the Internet is a complex, unique phenomenon that requires further detailed study both at its individual levels, for example, at the level of text, communicative strategies and tactics, features of functioning in individual Internet genres, and in the complex, as well as study and comparison language features in various Internet services, which determines the prospects for further research.

The global internet provides many useful resources for foreign language teachers. These are specific to the learning of a foreign language and are authentic materials that teachers can independently select and adapt to specific educational tasks. The inclusion of web-based materials in the curriculum is one of the main possibilities for using the Internet. In modern conditions, the possibilities of using blogs in the educational process are expanding, i.e. entries of authors (or authors) in chronological order. Often, records are divided into categories and keywords are assigned to them. A mechanism for reader comments is provided for the records. This mechanism has ensured the unprecedented growth in the popularity of blogs, which permeate all areas of life.

The results of the successful implementation of the proposed technology are considered to be an increase in students’ motivation to learn foreign languages and a more conscious and responsible attitude towards the educational process, which is evidenced by the quality of written work and the performance of creative tasks. Students’ creative work contains a higher proportion of scientific components, more complex grammatical and lexical structures, citation rules and correctness of source design.

It can be said that the educational environment created by means of information and communication technologies in the process of training students in foreign languages in higher technical institutions is adapted to the objectives and tasks of modern higher education, i.e. the development of students’ professional communication skills and the acquisition of relevant general methods of activity.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THEORIES AND BASIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING INTERNET COMMUNICATION

1.1. Definition of Internet Communication

The term «Internet» is used in a narrow sense and in a broad sense. In the broad sense (in lowercase letters), it is any group of networks that work as a whole; in the narrow sense (in capital letters) — the ‘World Wide Web’, using IP and similar protocols for connectivity [15, р. 15]. The emergence of the Internet owes much to the development of philosophical thought, as its prototypes had already begun to appear in ancient philosophy, where there was a pressing need for effective information storage and ‘knowledge repositories’. In the Middle Ages, the main philosophers realised the idea of ‘virtue’ and ‘virtual reality’, and the main problem of this era was the unification of different knowledge. «This is how the idea of the ‘network’ matured and later developed into a network of organised Internet systems.

Although there was no dominant concept in the philosophy of the new era that would bring thinkers closer to realising this idea, there was a sufficient scientific basis for the development of electronic computing and even programming in this period. In modern Western philosophy and science, the theoretical underpinnings of the Internet concept, the concepts of ‘virtual worlds’ and ‘artificial intelligence’, are being established [7, р. 10-11]. The Internet is a synthesis of ideas such as virtual, hypertext, multimedia, universal information network, networked society and non-linear thinking.

The basic theoretical ideas of the Internet fit into a broad context of world history and culture, and its paradigm and dominance were developed in an era of transition, interpreted as revolutionary and linked to fundamental changes in intellectual technology, namely the production of data, storage, the transmission and consumption of information.

The interest of linguists in this phenomenon becomes evident in light of the wild popularity of the Internet. Thus, the linguistic and cultural (O. V. Lutovynova) and gendered features of Internet discourse (A. N. Gaifullina, O. I. Horoshko, L. F. Kompantseva) and its genre format (O. Yu. Raspopina, L. V. K. K.) have been discussed. For hypertext (O. S. Klochkova, S. G. Stroikov, N. V. Kolomiets, O. M. Galichkina), virtual communication spaces (N. G. Asmus), linguistic personalities of virtual communicators (N. G. Asmus, M. S. Ryzhkov), etc.

All research tasks are solved through the prism of discourse methodology, whose methodological principle is anthropocentrism — the heuristic principle of associating language and speech with a person’s thinking, which reflects his inner state, universal humanity, national culture, social values. It is a reflection of the person’s internal state, general humanity, national culture, and social values.

The active development of communication issues in linguistics mediated by electronic information and technological channels, as well as the lack of a single term for the above-mentioned studies, call for clarification and the definition of concepts such as ‘virtual discourse’, ‘computer’, etc. The term «virtual discourse», «electronic discourse», «cyber discourse» and «cyber discourse» has been used to describe the term «computer discourse».

The terms «computer discourse» and «electronic discourse» are absolutely synonymous, as they involve the use of computers for communication. «Internet discourse» is understood as communication in a global network, a networked discourse which, in addition to communication on the Internet, also includes communication in other, particularly local, networks. Thus, specific types of discourse are in a supra-nominal relationship, where computer (electronic) discourse acts as a supra-nominal and the communicative context is determined by the communication channel.

There is no such explicit relationship between computer and virtual discourse. Virtual discourse is understood more narrowly than computer discourse, because the latter is not only communication by means of a computer, but also human-computer communication. Moreover, whereas computer discourse is characterised by direct contact between communicators, this is not the case with virtual communication, where communication partners are often guessed by our consciousness. On the other hand, virtual discourse can be interpreted more broadly than computer discourse because communication in virtual reality is created not only through computers but also through other forms of communication [6, р. 9].

At the same time, the array of electronic (computer) and virtual discourse representations includes non-paper media (audiobooks, films, music CDs, games, programs), multimedia devices (smartphones, communicators, ipods, e-books), etc., in addition to texts in the Internet environment, and is much broader than Internet discourse [10, р. 129].

In modern linguistics, Internet discourse is interpreted in different ways. It is understood as:

a) the cognitive-communicative space of the global network, in which communicative interaction takes place through electronic data transmission channels and structured and routed hypertextual mechanisms with the help of (sub)linguistic means, characterised by the substitution of real and fictional images [13].

b) texts circulating in Internet systems where the persuasive communication environment implicitly reflects the subjective and personal position of the author, taking into account psychological, linguistic and technical factors [4, р. 7].

c) a process of text creation that combines linguistic, socio-cultural, and psychological factors; purposeful social action, including people’s interactions and their consciousness mechanisms — cognitive processes [2, р. 7].

d) complex text systems, determined by extra-linguistic socio-cultural factors and the specific context of speech contact using computers and other electronic devices, both among users on the Internet and in discursive Internet spaces [12, р. 3].

The main requirement for organising message construction within the framework of the Internet discourse is the clarity of the division of text fields into certain fragments and the provision of internal connections between them [4, р. 10], which becomes possible thanks to hypertext — a kind of text document whose parts are linked through hyperlinks. The hyperlinks and the message text, which are structural elements of the hypertext, obtain a linguistic representation in the form of an electronic document. An Internet discourse hyperlink is a list or list of keywords or phrases; colour keywords (phrases) are underlined and highlighted. The main function of hyperlinks is to provide the ability to navigate electronic texts.

The scope of hypertext is twofold — on the one hand, it is a means of creating textual dispersion, and on the other hand, hypertext ensures the perceptual integrity of the text. This produces a resonant (mutually reinforcing) effect by which these texts are combined into a meaningful whole [10, р. 119]. Thus, the most effective means of creating hypertext is the computer, since the entire set of texts recorded in written electronic form on the network and associated with the perceptual information using the linked device is within the immediate reach of the recipient.

In terms of its meaning and revolutionary impact on language, the emergence of the Internet is comparable to J. Guttenberg’s creation of the printing press, and the specificity of online communication gives us reason to talk about the formation of a third form of speech — between spoken and written. To describe it in a scientific paradigm, the terms e-language, netlingo, etalk, geekspeak, netspeak, weblish, written speech, and language centaur are used, and the communication space in which they function is called computer-mediated communication.

The most significant influence on the linguistic characteristics of online discourse is the technological factor, while communication on the Internet is conceptually verbal and takes place in written form, giving rise to a new type of discourse — oral-written — with specific characteristics of a linguistic system at all levels.