Аттестационная работа (ИАР/ВАР) на тему Структурно-семантические характеристики неологизмов в китайском и английском экономическом дискурсе (на материале текстов СМИ)

Содержание:

Introduction 3

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for the study of neologisms 6

1.1. Neologisms as a science. The concept of «neologism» 6

1.2. Classification of neologisms 20

Conclusions on the first chapter 25

Chapter 2. Economic neologisms in the media as an object of linguistic research 27

2.1. Definition of the concept of journalistic discourse 27

2.2. Specificity of economic terms 48

2.3. Economic discourse in the media 53

Conclusions on the second chapter 57

Chapter 3. Specificity of neologisms of economic discourse in Chinese and English media 58

3.1. The specifics of Chinese neologisms 58

3.2. Features of neologisms in the English-language media 59

Chapter 3 Conclusion 59

Conclusion 74

Bibliography 76

Введение:

In recent years, we have seen a deepening of scientific interest in studies of the relationship between language and economics in philological studies, which is logically due to the fact that language is the main tool for achieving and maintaining an understanding of economic processes. It serves to mobilize society in times of crisis, to create a company’s own image, to convey messages of content, persuasion or verbal attacks on political opponents. The media must consider their communication strategies, they must decide which words to choose in different situations. In particular, the speech of the head of the Navy will differ significantly from the speech of a student in the audience.

The nature of the chosen communication strategy depends not only on the current position. The economic language also changes depending on the current time and the topics that the company has to deal with. Other means of communication will be preferred when formulating opinions on important topics, other means of expression will prevail when structuring secondary topics.

Therefore, it is quite natural that both political scientists and linguists deal with language as the subject of their research. The communicative-pragmatic turn in linguistics almost half a century ago made it possible to expand and deepen research focused on the analysis of the interaction between language and economics.

In this work, we will consider the topic of neologisms in modern print media. In particular, this work focuses on neologisms from the lexical, phraseological and syntactic fields of Chinese and English.

Neologisms renew our language and attract attention with their ingenuity and novelty. We consider it positive that they enrich the vocabulary and expand the synonymic range of lexemes. There are new words that are needed because they arise from the naming of a new device or product. However, we also accept words that have equivalents, so some language users may find these new and foreign words unnecessary.

Opinions about their use and inclusion in our language differ, as they evoke different emotions in users of the language. Some users accept and perceive these new language features positively, others reject them and have a negative relationship with them. Therefore, the question arises whether neologisms, especially those that we adopt from foreign languages, are a welcome enrichment of the language or are rather condemned by its users. The solution to this problem is not part of this work, but it can be concluded that neologisms are a significant component that enriches and influences our vocabulary.

Purpose of the work: to analyze the implementation of economic neologisms in the media of English and Chinese.

In this work, it is necessary to solve the following theoretical and practical problems:

1) study the concept of neologism;

2) describe the typological features of neologism,

3) consider the features of economic discourse,

4) identify the features of the implementation of neologisms in the English language,

5) to model the features of neologization in Chinese;

The object of this study is neologism as a linguistic element.

The subject of the study is the features of the implementation of neologism in English and Chinese.

The actual material for the study was the materials in the media in English and Chinese.

Research methods: the study of scientific literature, Internet sources, the method of analyzing dictionary definitions, the method of systematization and classification, linguistic observation, the method of continuous sampling of examples, the synthesis of the data obtained.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive study was conducted, which is devoted to the consideration of neologization processes in Chinese and English using the media as an example.

The theoretical basis and methodology of the research are the works of domestic and foreign linguists, namely:

The representative of the first approach is Yu.S.Stepanov . When considering the concept, he pays special attention to the cultural aspect. Yu.S.Stepanov shows in his approach that neologism is the main point of culture in the human mind.

Representatives of the second approach are D.S. Likhachev , E.S. Kubryakova and others. Supporters of this approach regard neologism, based on the fact that it is embodied as a reflection of the people’s idea of the fact of reality. In this case, it is logical to talk about such a phenomenon as conceptuality.

The practical significance of the work: the material implemented in the work can serve as the basis for further study of the processes neologization .

The structure of the work: the work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references.

Заключение:

The aim of this work was to try to identify persistent and occasional types of neologisms with an economic component in the modern lexicon of English and Chinese

In the theoretical part, we first defined the term neologism. Having studied the special literature on neologisms, we can state that neologisms occur in all forms of development. Over time, they become part of the general lexical stock (or disappear). Furthermore, we found that there are different approaches to the definition of the term. However, the definition itself did not differ significantly in the publications we selected (differing only in the amount of information on the subject). Different approaches to the definition of neologisms are also related to the criteria according to which the units of the lexical collection are classified as neologisms. We have also focused on terms close in meaning to neologisms (occasionalisms, unpromising neologisms, fashionable neologisms).

In the next part of our work, we studied the emergence of neologisms in the media and their consequent inclusion in the Chinese vocabulary, focusing on the emergence of expressive neologisms.

We have also classified neologisms on the basis of selected professional works according to different perspectives and approaches. In total, we presented three possibilities of classifying neologisms, which we subsequently used in practical research.

In the practical part of the work, we used the language material obtained by extracting economic neologisms from English and Chinese. We compared the extracted neologisms with the data given in the national corpus. Thus, we analysed a total of 92 neologisms. Subsequently, we assigned the preserved neologisms to the appropriate group of neologisms according to the classification given in the theoretical part of the thesis in order to establish stable and occasional types of neologisms in modern chinese.

Our research shows that the above-mentioned groups of neologisms can be considered as stable types of neologisms in the modern vocabulary of both languages. Other groups represent occasional types of neologisms (e.g. neologisms formed from abbreviations, borrowed quotations and terms, neologisms belonging to the category of modification). However, we should not forget that these results apply only to the linguistic pattern we are analysing. It is possible (and even probable) that if we had chosen a more extensive linguistic material, we would have come to different results.

In conclusion, we may add that neology is one of the current and still developing areas of language. Therefore, it would certainly be interesting to study this issue in more detail.

 

Фрагмент текста работы:

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for the study of neologisms

1.1. Neologisms as a science. The concept of «neologism»

In the second half of the 20th century, neology emerged as an independent science dealing with neologisms. The science dealing with the creation of neologic dictionaries is called neography. The best-known dictionary of neologisms at the moment was compiled by a group of authors led by O. Martincovа. The publication is called «New words » and consists of two parts [1, 2, 4].

When learning or using neologisms we must not forget that neologism is only a relative term. A word that was recently considered new may be quite common today (or even obsolete). There is always a certain amount of time between the appearance of a new lexeme and its publication in the relevant publication. During this time, a given lexeme may lose its sign of novelty. Therefore, when we work with neologisms recorded, for example, in a dictionary, these are mostly lexemes that are already several years old. It follows that they are only relatively new. Older speakers may perceive these lexemes as neologisms, but use them the least (if not at all).

The inclusion of new words into the general lexical pool or, on the contrary, their disappearance is a phenomenon quite self-evident, as the language is constantly evolving.

When we study neologisms in different professional publications, we can notice more explanations and approaches to the issue. For comparison, here are a few definitions of neologisms from different authors.

О. Martintsova defines neologisms as follows: «The term neologism is mainly used to denote lexical resources that are characterised as new. This definition is very simple, but does not tell us anything else about neologisms. O. Martintsova has already published several books on the problem of neologisms.

In our opinion, neologisms are better characterized by the following definition: «Neologisms can be characterized as a set of lexical units, which perform certain onomasiological functions, standing on the periphery of the vocabulary system. But some of them do not even move from the periphery of the language to its centre, because they disappear [7].